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Science Sem 2 Exams > Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What are Acids?

A
  • All contain at least one hydrogen ion
  • Have a sour taste
  • Conduct electricity when mixed with water
  • Can neutralise bases
  • React with many metals
  • Have a pH less than 7
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2
Q

What are some examples of acids?

A
  • Common examples include: Oranges, lemons, grapes, apples Vitamin C and yoghurt
  • Chemical examples include: Hydrochloric acid HCl, Nitric acid HNO3 and Sulfuric acid H2SO4
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3
Q

What are the two types of acids?

A

Weak Acids + Strong Acids

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4
Q

What are weak acids?

A
  • Give away Hydrogen ions, but not easily
  • Much safer than strong acids
  • We eat and drink many weak acids
  • Weak acids are used as preservatives in food
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5
Q

What are strong acids?

A
  • Readily give away their Hydrogen ions

- They are corrosive i.e. will burn through objects

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6
Q

What are Bases?

A
  • Are the chemical opposite of an acid
  • They neutralise acids
  • Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis
  • Have a bitter taste
  • Have a soapy/slippery feel to them
  • Have a pH greater than 7
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7
Q

What is another name for a base?

A

Alkaline

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8
Q

What are some examples of bases?

A
  • Common examples include: many household cleaners

- Chemical examples include: Sodium Hydroxide NaOH, Potassium HydroxideKOH and Barium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2

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9
Q

What are the two types of bases?

A

Weak bases + Strong bases

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10
Q

What are weak bases?

A
  • Will accept a hydrogen ion, but not easily

- Generally the bases found in household cleaning products because they are safer than strong bases

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11
Q

What are strong bases?

A
  • Accept hydrogen ions and will take them from other places
  • Attack living tissues and cause serious burns
  • Are caustic and very harmful
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12
Q

What is a Dilute solution?

A

A dilute solution is one that has very few solute particles in a relatively large volume of solvent

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13
Q

What is a Concentrated solution?

A

A concentrated solution has more solute particles dissolve in the solvent. Concentrated acids and bases are very dense.

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14
Q

What is an Indicator?

A

An indicator changes colour in the presence of an acid or base. They tell us whether a solution is acidic or basic.

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15
Q

What are some examples of indicators?

A
  • Litmus paper – only gives acid or base indication,
  • Universal indicator– indicates strength of the acid or base
  • Red cabbage indicator – indicates strength of the acid or base
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16
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

Measures how strong an acid or a base solution is;

  • Ranges from 1 - 14
  • Below 7 = acidic (the lower the pH the stronger the acid)
  • 7 = neutral
  • Above 7 = basic/alkaline (the higher the pH the stronger the base)
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17
Q

What are the possible reactions of acid?

A
  • Acid + base → salt + water
  • Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water (H2O) + carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Acid + metal → salt + Hydrogen (H2)
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18
Q

What is a General word equation?

A

Chemical reactions represented in word form rather than chemical elements
e.g. Acid + base → salt + water

19
Q

What happens when acids react with bases?

A

When acids and bases react they neutralise each other to form salt (this is not always just table salt) and water

20
Q

What are salts?

A

Salts are molecules that contain a metal cation (positive ion) and a nonmetal anion (negative ion).

21
Q

What does the production of water mean?

A

Water (H2O) is produced so this reaction is called a neutralisation reaction

22
Q

What is an example of an acid and base reaction?

A

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Chloride + Water

23
Q

What are the salt names for specific acids?

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) forms chloride
Nitric acid forms (HNO3) nitrate
Sulfuric acid forms (H2SO4) sulphate
- The reactant added to the acids will determine the full name of the salt

24
Q

What is an example of salt for specific acids?

A

SODIUM hydroxide + hydroCHLORIC acid → sodiumchloride + water

25
Q

What happens when acids react with carbonates?

A

These reactions form carbon dioxide as well as a salt and water.

26
Q

What is an example of an acid and carbonate reaction?

A

Citric acid + Sodium Bicarbonate → Sodium Citrate + Water + Carbon Dioxide

27
Q

What is the effect of rising CO2 levels in our atmosphere?

A

Rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere have caused the oceans to become more acidic (low pH)

28
Q

Why are the oceans affected by CO2 in our atmosphere?

A

Oceans naturally absorb compounds from the air

29
Q

What does CO2 form when it dissolves?

A

Carbonic acid (H2CO3)

30
Q

What can acidic waters cause?

A

Coral and shells to crumble, ability of marine sperm/egg to survive in acidic water, hence ocean diversity is negatively affected.

31
Q

What happens when acids react with metals?

A

When acids with metals they produce hydrogen and salt

32
Q

What can be used to check if hydrogen gas is present?

A

A “pop” test can check for the hydrogen gas in the reaction

33
Q

What is a Acid and metal reaction called?

A

A corrosion reaction

34
Q

What is an example of an acid and metal reaction?

A

Hydrochloric acid + Magnesium → Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen

35
Q

What is Acid rain?

A

When the atmosphere becomes more acidic it causes acid rain. Acid rain can have a pH as low as 3 compared to normal rain with a pH of 5-6.

36
Q

What does a chemical reaction show?

A

All the atoms involved in the reaction and how they rearrange into products.

37
Q

What is a reactant?

A

Substances that undergo change in chemical equations.

38
Q

What does the subscript letters (ag) mean?

A

Aqueous - Acid

39
Q

What does the subscript letters (s) mean?

A

Solid

40
Q

What does the subscript letters (l) mean?

A

Liquid

41
Q

What does the subscript letters (g) mean?

A

Gas

42
Q

How are strong acids different to weak acids?

A

Strong acids have a lower pH (more acidic) and weak acids have a higher pH (less acidic)

43
Q

How are Strong bases different to concentrated bases?

A

Strong base - more basic

Concentrated base - more acidic (more solute particles - dense)

44
Q

What does the pH scale tell us?

A

The pH scale tells us how acidic/basic something is.

Science Sem 2 Exams (3 decks)

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