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Sciences > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Molecular ions

Ammonium

A

NH4 (1+)

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2
Q

Molecular ions

Carbonate

A

CO3 (2-)

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3
Q

Molecular ions

Hydroxide

A

OH (1-)

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4
Q

Molecular ions

Hydrogen carbonate

A

HCO3 (1-)

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5
Q

Molecular ions

Nitrate

A

NO3 (1-)

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6
Q

Molecular ions

Sulfate

A

SO4 (2-)

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7
Q

Quicklime

A

CaO

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8
Q

Slaked lime

A

Ca(OH)2

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9
Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Ammonium

A

Ammonia gas produced; turns red litmus blue

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10
Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Calcium

A

White percipitate insoluble in excess

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11
Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Copper (II)

A

Light blue percipitate insoluble in excess

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12
Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Iron (II)

A

Green percipitate insoluble in excess

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13
Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Iron (III)

A

Red-brown percipitate insoluble in excess

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14
Q

Testing for cations using sodium hydroxide

Zinc (II)

A

White percipitate soluble in excess

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15
Q

Testing for cations using ammonia

Calcium

A

No percipitate or very slightly white ppt

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16
Q

Testing for cations using ammonia

Copper (II)

A

Light blue ppt, soluble in excess

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17
Q

Testing for cations using flame

Lithium

A

Red

18
Q

Testing for cations using flame

Sodium

A

Yellow

19
Q

Testing for cations using flame

Potassium

A

Lilac

20
Q

Testing for cations using flame

Copper (II)

A

Blue-green

21
Q

Testing for anions

Carbonate

A

Add dilute acid to see effervescence (CO2 produced)

22
Q

Testing for anions

Chlroide

A

Acidify with dilute nitric acid then add silver nitrate (White ppt)

23
Q

Testing for anions

Bormide

A

Acidify with nitric acid then add silver nitrate (Cream ppt)

24
Q

Testing for anions

Nitrate

A

Add sodium hydroxide then aluminium foil (ammonia gas produced)

25
Q

Testing for anions

Sulfate

A

Acidify then add barium nitrate or barium chloride (white ppt)

26
Q

Trends in periodic table

Trends in Group 1

A
  • Density increases down the group
  • Melting point decreases down the group
  • React with water to produce metal hydroxide or hydrogen gas
27
Q

Trends in periodic table

Trends in Group 7 - halogens

A
  • When reacted with metals, produces salts
  • Exist as diatoms
  • Non-metallic
  • Color increases in darkness down the group
  • Density increases down the group
  • Reactivity decreases down the group
28
Q

Molten lead bromide

A

Product at cathode: Lead
Product at anode: Bromide
Observations: Silvery solid at the cathode, brown gas at the anode

29
Q

Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride

A

Product at cathode: Hydrogen
Product at anode: Chloride
Observations: Colourless gas at the cathode, pale yellow green gas at the anode which bleaches damp litmus paper

30
Q

Acid + metal

A

Observation:
* Effervescence
* Heat evolved
* Hydrogen gas formed

Reaction occurring:
Acid + Metal -> Salt + Hydrogen

31
Q

Acid + Base

A

Observation:
Indicator goes green
Reaction occurring:
Neutralisation
Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

32
Q

Bronze

A

Copper and tin

33
Q

Mild steel

A

Iron and about 0.25% carbon

34
Q

High carbon steel

A

Iron and up to 2.5% carbon

35
Q

Brass

A

Copper and zinc

36
Q

Stainless steel

A

Iron, carbon, chromium and nickel

37
Q

General formula of alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

38
Q

General formula of alkenes

A

CnH2n

39
Q

Thermal decomposition

A

A process where a compound breaks down when heated. New products are formed. These are usually endothermic.

40
Q

Redox reaction in catalytic converters

A

2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2

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