Chemistry Flashcards
What does the term rate of reaction mean?
The rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs, typically measured by the change in concentration of reactants or products per unit of time.
Explain the different units that can be used to measure the rate of reaction.
Rate of reaction can be measured in units such as moles per liter per second (mol/L·s), grams per second (g/s), or any unit expressing the change in concentration or mass over time.
List some factors that can affect the rate of a chemical reaction.
Factors affecting the rate of a chemical reaction include temperature, concentration, surface area, pressure (for gaseous reactants), and the presence of catalysts.
Explain collision theory and its application to how temperature, concentration/pressure, surface area, and catalysts affect the rate of reaction.
Collision theory states that for a reaction to occur, particles must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation. Temperature, concentration/pressure, and surface area affect collision frequency and energy. Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy.
Describe how temperature affects the rate of reaction.
Increasing the temperature increases the rate of reaction. This means the particles have higher kinetic energy, making them move faster, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions. But lowering the temperature makes the particles slower
Explain how surface area influences the rate of reaction.
Increasing the surface area of a solid increases the rate of reaction. This is because more surface area provides more opportunities for collisions between particles, in line with collision theory.
Describe the impact of changing concentration on the rate of reaction.
Changing concentration affects the rate of reaction. Higher concentration means more particles in the same volume, increasing collision frequency and leading to a higher rate of reaction, following collision theory.
Explain how changing pressure of gaseous reactants affects the rate of reaction.
Changing the pressure of gaseous reactants can affect the rate of reaction, particularly in reactions involving gases. Higher pressure increases collision frequency, affecting the rate of reaction, according to collision theory.
Define what catalysts are and explain how they influence the rate of a reaction.
Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. They do not get consumed in the reaction, and their presence increases the rate of reaction.
Explain how to use a tangent to calculate the rate of reaction at a specific time.
To calculate the rate of reaction at a specific time using a tangent, draw a tangent line at that point on the graph and determine its slope. The slope represents the rate of reaction at that specific time.
Interpret graphs involving rates of reaction, identify variables, and explain their effects.
Graphs involving rates of reaction help identify dependent, independent, and control variables. Analyzing these graphs allows us to understand how changes in variables affect the rate of reaction.
Explain the concept of activation energy and its role in chemical reactions.
Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a successful collision to lead to a chemical reaction. If reactants don’t have enough energy to overcome this barrier, the reaction will not occur.
Describe the energy changes during a reaction.
During a reaction, the energy initially rises to a maximum and then falls. Only reactants with energy equal to or greater than the activation energy value will react.
What are the three main methods to measure the rate of reaction?
The three main methods to measure the rate of reaction are:
1)Change in mass
2)Volume of gas formed
3)Formation of a precipitate
Explain the term “worded equation.”
A worded equation is a representation of a chemical reaction using words to describe the reactants and products involved. It provides a verbal description of the substances before and after the reaction, offering a qualitative understanding of the chemical change.
