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Midterms > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Mattermay be classified according to their state or phase

A

solid
liquid
gas

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2
Q

Matter may be classified according to their properties

A

physical properties
chemical properties

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3
Q

observable even without changing the composition of matter: color, shape, shape

A

physical properties

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4
Q

observed once a material undergoes a chemical reaction
○flammability
○reactivity
○biodegradability

A

chemicalproperties

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5
Q

Matter may be classified according to their composition.

A

pure substances
mixtures

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6
Q

matter have a fixed or definite composition

A

pure substances

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7
Q

combinations of two or more substances

A

mixtures

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8
Q

classified into elements and compounds

A

atoms of an element
molecules of an element
molecules of a compound

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9
Q

the simplest form of matter

A

element

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10
Q

made up of only one kind of atom

A

element

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11
Q

elements of different kinds also differ in the atoms that make them up

A

element

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12
Q

cannot be decomposed into simpler forms by physical or chemical means

A

element

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13
Q

react with one another to form a new substances

A

element

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14
Q

_______ is known to exist arranged in the periodic table of elements.
___ of these are naturally occurring
___ of these are synthetic

A

118 elements
94
24

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15
Q

the arrangement of all known elements according to their chemical properties.

A

periodic table of elements

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16
Q

classifies elements into 3 categories:

A

metals (leftmost of the periodic table)
nonmetals (rightmost of the periodic table)
metalloids (staircase-like line between metals and nonmetals)

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17
Q

general properties of metals

A

○ solid at room temperature
○ lustrous
○ malleable
○ ductile
○ heat/electricity conductors

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18
Q

is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature. It is a shiny, silvery liquid metal that forms beads due to its high surface tension

A

mercury

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19
Q

is also known as quicksilver due to its appearance and mobility

A

mercury

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20
Q

general properties of nonmetals:

A

○ opposite of metals
○ gaseous or dull solids
○ poor conductors of heat and electricity

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21
Q

is the only nonmetal that exists in liquid form at room temperature

A

bromine

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22
Q

exhibit properties of both metals and nonmetal

A

metalloids / semimetals

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23
Q

conducts heat and electricity but not as good as how metals act as conductors

A

metalloids / semimetals

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24
Q

it is a semiconductors

A

metalloids / semimetals

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25
Q

are metalloids that are widely used in the manufacture of computer chips.

A

Silicon and germanium

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26
Q

composed of two or more different elements that are combined in a fixed ratio by a chemical reaction

A

compounds

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27
Q

Compounds may be classified according to the specific elements present

A

organic compounds
inorganic compounds

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28
Q

contains carbon and hydrogen (ex. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, etc.)

A

organic compounds

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29
Q

do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds (ex. CO2, H2O, table salt (NaCl))

A

inorganic compounds

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30
Q

consist of two or more pure substances that are combined physically

A

mixtures

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31
Q

no chemical reaction between the components

A

mixtures

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32
Q

components retain their characteristic properties when mixed together

A

mixtures

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33
Q

Mixtures may be further classified as

A

homogenous or heterogenous

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34
Q

consists of substances that are evenly distributed all throughout

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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35
Q

the components cannot be distinguished from each other by the naked eye

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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36
Q

also known as solution

A

Homogeneous Mixture

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37
Q

solution composed of two components:

A

solute
solvent
soluble
miscible

38
Q

the substance that is dissolved by another substance; exists in smaller amounts

A

solute

39
Q

the dissolving medium in which the solute dissolves; most abundant

A

solvent

40
Q

when substances dissolve in a given solvent

A

soluble

41
Q

when liquids are soluble in each other at all proportions (e.g. Water and ethanol)

A

miscible

42
Q

may be solid, liquid or gas

A

homogeneous mixtures

43
Q

consists of substances that are not evenly distributed all throughout

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

44
Q

the components can be distinguished from each other by the naked eye

A

Heterogeneous Mixture

45
Q

Heterogeneous Mixture can be further classified as:

A

colloids or suspension

46
Q

a heterogeneous mixture with particles that are bigger than those in a solution but smaller than those in a suspension

A

Colloids

47
Q

exhibit Tyndall effect

A

Colloids

48
Q

the phenomenon wherein light is scattered

A

Tyndall Effect

49
Q

a heterogeneous mixture with suspended particles that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye

A

Suspensions

50
Q

particles do not settle at the bottom even after being left to stand for a long time

A

Colloids

51
Q

particles settle at the bottom of the container due to gravity

A

Suspensions

52
Q

it can be classified based on its composition and they can be classified as pure substances or mistures

A

matter

53
Q

it can be further classified as elements or compounds

A

pure substances

54
Q

a kind of matter with a definite or fixed composition

A

pure substances

55
Q

made up of a specific number of atoms or groups of atoms that are combined by a chemical reaction

A

pure substances

56
Q

has definite physical and chemical properties

A

pure substances

57
Q

composed of two or more different elements that are combined in a fixed ratio by a chemical reaction

A

Compounds

58
Q

compounds that are physically combined form another kind of matter known as _____

A

mixtures

59
Q

it is made up of tiny particles

A

atom

60
Q

symbols for elements may have ____ or ___

A

one letter, two

61
Q

a list of all known elements in a tabulated form

A

Periodic Table of Elements

62
Q

elements are arranged in such a manner so that elements with similar properties are close together

A

Periodic Table of Elements

63
Q

properties repeat themselves every few elements

A

periodic

64
Q

elements arranged in rows and columns
○ columns: ______
○ rows: ______

A

○ columns: groups
○ rows: periods

65
Q

shows the division of elements to metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

A

periodic table

66
Q

is a useful tool in identifying elements the exhibit similar properties.

A

periodic table of elements

67
Q

a pure substances that is made up of different elements

A

compound

68
Q

atoms are joined together by chemical bonds

A

compound

69
Q

has a definite composition wherein its constituent elements always occur in the same proportion

A

compound

70
Q

the process of creating compounds

A

chemical reaction

71
Q

results in the formation of a new substance (____) with a different identity from the elements or compounds that constitute it (____)

A

products
reactants

72
Q

kinds of chemical reaction

A

exothermic or endothermic

73
Q

a chemical reaction that gives off heat (i.e. combustion reaction)

A

exothermic reaction

74
Q

a chemical reaction that absorbs heat as it occurs, allowing it to produce new compounds (i.e. photosynthesis)

A

endothermic reaction

75
Q

compounds may be categorized based on the type of bonding between the constituent elements:

A

ionic or covalent

76
Q

are those that contain carbon atoms bonded to elements like H, O, and N.

A

organic compounds

77
Q

are those without the element carbon.

A

inorganic compounds

78
Q

made up of positively charged species (cations) bonded to negatively charged species (anions)

A

ionic compounds

79
Q

ionic compounds made up of positively charged species (_____) bonded to negatively charged species (_____)

A

cations
anions

80
Q

compounds that exhibit ionic bonding

A

ionic compounds

81
Q

compounds that exhibit covalent bonding

A

covalent compounds

82
Q

electron sharing

A

covalent compounds

83
Q

electron transfer

A

ionic compounds

84
Q

a combination of chemical symbols of elements that constitute the compound

A

chemical formula

85
Q

to indicate the number of atoms of a given element

A

subscript

86
Q

is the simplest form of matter that is made up of a single atom or more of the same kind of atoms that are chemically bound.

A

element

87
Q

are a class of compounds in which one or more carbon atoms are bonded to other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen

A

organic compounds

88
Q

agua oxigenada

A

hydrogen peroxide
H2O2

89
Q

alcohol

A

ethyl alcohol
C2H5OH

90
Q

ammonia

A

ammonia
NH3

91
Q

laughing gas

A

nitrous oxide
N20

92
Q

limestone

A

carbon carbonate
CaCO3

Midterms (2 decks)

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