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Science > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in nucleus

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2
Q

Atoms

A

Particles that make up all materials. The smallest part of an element

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3
Q

Electron configuration

A

Arrangement of electrons in electron shells

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4
Q

Energy levels

A

Electron shells where electrons are found

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

The heavy core at the centre of atoms containing protons and neutrons

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6
Q

Ground state

A

The lowest energy arrangement of an atoms electrons in energy levels

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7
Q

Actinides

A

A special block of metallic elements with atomic numbers (90-103)

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8
Q

Groups

A

Vertical columns of the periodic table,

the group number is equal to the number of electrons in the outer shell of the atoms in that group

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9
Q

Lanthanides

A

A special block of metallic elements with atomic numbers 58-71

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10
Q

Periods

A

Horizontal rows of the periodic table, the period number of an elements is equal to the number of electron shells it has

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11
Q

Transition elements

A

A special block of metallic elements covering elements from groups 3-12

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12
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Sharing of electrons between atoms of nonmetals

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13
Q

Insert gases

A

Gases known as Nobel gases, in group 18 and known for their stability (lack of reactivity)

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14
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Attraction of positive and negative ions formed from the transfer of electrons from metallic to nonmetallic atoms

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15
Q

Ions

A

Charged atoms or groups of atoms formed by electrons being transferred from one atoms to another

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16
Q

Lattices

A

A regular arrangement of particles. In ionic lattices the particles are ions, in solid molecular lattices the particles are molecules and in diamond and graphite lattices the particles are atoms

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17
Q

Metallic bonding

A

A mutual attraction between a lattice of positive metal ions and sea of delocalised outer shell electrons

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18
Q

Molecules

A

Discrete groupings of atoms covalently bonded together

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19
Q

Monatomic

A

Atoms that exist on their own, without binding with others

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20
Q

Alkali metals

A

Group 1 elements

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21
Q

Alkaline earths

A

Group 2 elements

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22
Q

Allotropes

A

Forms of the same element that have different molecular structures and therefore properties e.g.carbon

23
Q

Halogens

A

Group 17 elements

24
Q

Organic

A

Compound that is or was part of a living thing containing carbon

25
Q

Organic molecules

A

Molecules that have a backbone of carbon

26
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution of a substance dissolves in water

27
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

The law that states that atoms cannot be created or destroyed during s chemical reaction

28
Q

Product

A

A substance produced by a chemical reaction

29
Q

Reactant/ reagent

A

The initial substance of a chemical reaction

30
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion

31
Q

Carbon reduction

A

A chemical process of separation of metals from their ores using carbon

32
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion

33
Q

Combination reaction

A

A chemical reaction where two reactants combine to form one product

34
Q

Combustion reaction

A

Any chemical reaction where a substance burns in oxygen to produce heat and light

35
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

A chemical reaction where one reactant breaks apart into two or more products

36
Q

Electrolysis

A

A technique for reducing the ions of highly reactive metals by using an electrical current to force electrons onto the ions

37
Q

Electrowinning

A

A process of extracting metals from solutions using electrolysis

38
Q

Froth flotation

A

A physical process of separation of metals from their ores

39
Q

Insoluble

A

Does not dissolve

40
Q

Ionic compound

A

A substance made up of positive and negative ions

41
Q

Oxidation

A

When a substance gains oxygen atoms or loses electrons

42
Q

Polyatomic

A

Having many atoms

43
Q

Precipitate

A

The insoluble product of a precipitation reaction

44
Q

Precipitation reaction

A

When two clear solutions react to produce an insoluble product

45
Q

Redox reaction

A

An abbreviation for oxidation and reduction pairs of reactions

46
Q

Reduction

A

When a substance loses oxygen atoms or gains electrons

47
Q

Soluble

A

Able to dissolve

48
Q

Smelting

A

A chemical method of extracting a metal from its ore in which the ore is heated with a reducing agent such as carbon

49
Q

Agitation

A

Stirring

50
Q

Catalyst

A

A chemical that helps to speed up a chemical reaction but is not used up during the reaction

51
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of a chemical in a certain volume of water

52
Q

Enzyme

A

A naturally occurring catalyst

53
Q

Rate of reaction

A

How fast a reaction occurs

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