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Science > Chemistry 9 > Flashcards

Chemistry 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is chemistry

A

Study of matter + its interactions

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2
Q

Pure substance

A

One type of particle

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3
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more pure substances (tow or more particles)

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4
Q

Mixtures (elements/compounds)

A

Elements/compounds not chemically combined

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5
Q

Compounds

A

Atoms of two or more elements combined in a definite proportion (cannot be separated by chemical means)

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6
Q

Elements

A

One type of atom and cannot be broken down by chemical means

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7
Q

Homogenous mixture

A

When a mixture is so uniformly mixed you cannot microscopely tell it apart (air, steel)

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8
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

When a mixture is not so uniformly distributed, you can see the different parts

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9
Q

Chemical properties

A

Characteristics that describe the ability of matter to react with another substance to form one or more different substances

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10
Q

Physical properties

A

Characteristics that can be observed of measured without changing its chemical identity

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11
Q

List at least 3 chemical properties

A

Combustibility, reactivity with acids, reactivity with oxygen, lack of reaction

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12
Q

List at least 3 physical properties

A

Colour, malleability, texture, viscosity, conductivity, state of matter, melting, boiling point, hardness, solubility

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13
Q

Atomic number

A

Z

Refers to the number of protons in an atom in a particular element

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14
Q

Groups

A

Vertical column of elements (1-18)

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15
Q

Periods

A

Horizontal row of elements (1-7)

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16
Q

Atomic mass

A

Average mass of an atom

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17
Q

Properties of Metals (At least 3)

A 
Good conductors of heat/electricity
Malleable
Ductile
Shiny when pure and unreacted
High melting/boiling points
Loose electrons to form + charged ions (cations)
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18
Q

Nonmetals (at least 3)

A 
Poor conductors of heat/electricity
Brittle
Low densities
Low melting/boiling points
Non-ductile
Gain electrons (anions)
19
Q

Metalloids (at least 3)

A 
Mostly solid
Can be shiny/dull
May conduct electricity
Poor heat conductors
Brittle, non-ductile
20
Q

Transition metals

A

Elements from group 3-12 on the periodic table
3 common properties: metal, form colourful compounds and catalysts
Can form ions with different charges

21
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Positive protons

Negative neutrons

22
Q

Solve for mass number

A

Sum of protons and neutrons

23
Q

Number of electrons equals…

A

Number of protons

24
Q

What is an atom called if it gains or looses an electron

A

An ion

25
Q

Describe a bohr model

A

Shell 1 = 2 electrons
Shell 2 = 8 electrons
Shell 3 = 18 electrons

[ electrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus - certain # of electrons allowed in each shell ]

26
Q

How do you make a Bohr model of an ion (example: Fluorine)

A

Fluorine - 9 protons
Has more than 4 electrons on the outermost shell (valence)

line [ bohr model of fluorine ] line

Add one minus because it has to LOOSE the electron to become fluorine again

Now called a fluoride anion

Outer valence shell must have 8 electrons

27
Q

How do you know if a ion gains or looses

A

VALENCE SHELL

Less than 4 - loose
More than 4 - gain

Ex. Fluorine would GAIN because it has MORE THAN 4 electrons on the valence shell

28
Q

Metals don’t change their name, non-metals do (T/F)

A

True

29
Q

Diatomic elements

A

Elements found in groups of two

N2, O2, F2, Cl2, I2, Br2

hockey stick

30
Q

Group 1 elements: Proterties

A

Further you go down = more reactive

31
Q

Halogens

A

Group 17
Non-metals
Low melting/boiling points, poor electrical conductors
Formerly known as group 7 (7 valence electrons

32
Q

Reactivity: Group 17

A

Atomic radius increases as it goes down- Wants to grain a valence electron- decrease in reactivity halogens
Less valence shells at top, increase in reactivity

33
Q

The easier it is to gain/lose an electron…..

A

The more reactive it is

34
Q

Properties of transition metals

A

Less reactive than group 1 and 2

Similarities exist as we move across a period rather than down a group`

35
Q

Inert gases

A

Noble gases are known as this ebcause they do not react with anything

36
Q

Shielding

A

The decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one in electron shell

37
Q

Octet rule

A

The tendency of an electron to gain a valence shell with a total of 8 electrons

38
Q

Naming simple ionic compounds: Lithium and nitrogen

A

Name: Lithium nitride
Formula: Li 1+, N3-
Add three more Li’s to balance out the charges

= Li3N

39
Q

Anions always change their names (T/F)

A

True

-ide

40
Q

Ionic compounds with multivalent elements

A

Same as simple ionic compounds, but pay attention to the roman numerals.

41
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

Same as simple ionic compounds, however, if the polyatomic ion is used more than once put a bracket around

Ex. Mg(OH)2

42
Q

Covalent compounds (Ex. Co2 and oxygen difluoride)

A

Two non-metals

Carbon dioxide
Di because there are two oxygens

OF2

43
Q

Dissociate and associate

A

D; To dissolve

A: To come together

44
Q

Properties of ionic compounds

A 
Conducts electricity when molten
Hard
High melting point
Non-conductor hen solid
Brittle

Science (15 decks)

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