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GCSE Yr 10-11 > Chemistry C3 > Flashcards

Chemistry C3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of bonding

A

Ionic,covalent and metallic

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2
Q

What happens when a metal and non metal react with one another

A

. The metal loses an electron to form a postively charged ion

. The non metal gains an electron to form a negatively charged ion

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3
Q

The oppositely charged ions are strongly attached by what force

A

Electrostatic forces

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4
Q

What is the attraction for oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bonds

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5
Q

What do dot and cross diagrams show

A

The arangment of electrons in an atom or ion

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6
Q

What are each electron represented by

A

A dot or a cross

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7
Q

Why does the sodium atom give up its outer shell electron to become an Na+ ion

A

Because it wants noble gas configuration

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8
Q

What structure do ionic compounds have

A

A giant ionic lattice

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9
Q

What is an atom made up of

A

. Protons

. Electrons

. Neutrons

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10
Q

What is the mass of protons and nuetrons

A

1 atomic mass unit (amu)

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11
Q

Where is the proton and neutron found

A

In the nucleus, in the centre of the atom

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12
Q

Whatbis the mass of an electron

A

(1/1800 amu) and they orbit around the nucleus in shells

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13
Q

What is the charge of protons

A

Positive

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14
Q

What is the charge of electrons

A

Negative

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15
Q

Whatbis the charge of neutrons

A

Neutral (have no charge)

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16
Q

What is the symbol for an elements shown with

A

Two numbers beside it. The smaller bottom number is the atomic number, and the larger top number is the mass number.

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17
Q

What is the atomic number

A

It is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom element,this is also the number of electrons in the shells around the nucleus

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18
Q

What is the mass number

A

The total number of protons AND neutrons

Eg.

(Fluorine)
19-9=10

So, in each atom of the element fluorine, there are 9 protons, 9 electrons and 10 neutrons

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19
Q

What are atoms that have the same charge

A

neutral (they have no charge)

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20
Q

What happens when elements react

A

atoms can gain or lose electrons to form ions

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21
Q

What are ions

A

Ions are not neutral because they have different numbers of protons and electrons

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22
Q

What would happen if an atom loses electrons

A

it will have more protons than electrons and will have a positive charge overall

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23
Q

What do metal elements lose to form postive ions

A

Electrons

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24
Q

What happens if an atom gains electrons

A

it will have fewer protons than electrons and will have a negative charge overall

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25
Q

Non metals gain electrons to form

A

negative ions

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26
Q

What is lattice

A

A regular repeating pattern found in solids

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27
Q

What is delocalised electrons

A

Loose electrons are free electrons and move freely in the metal for instance

28
Q

What is a molecule

A

A small group of atoms (eg 60 atoms) covalentally bonded

29
Q

What is a giant structure

A

A giant covalent structure is where a large number of atoms are joined by covalent bonds

30
Q

What is a simple molecular

A

Simple molecules are a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

31
Q

What is ionic bonds (2)

A

The transfor of one or more electrons between atoms

32
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

the electrostatic force of attraction between a positively charged metal ion and a negatively charged non-metal ion

33
Q

what is ionic compounds

A

compounds made up of ions that form charged particles when an atom (or group of atoms) gains or loses electrons

34
Q

What happens to oppositley charged ions

A

They attract to each other and when close enough,they stick together

35
Q

What happens to alike charges

A

They repel one another

36
Q

How do you build an ionic compound

A

You need opposite charges: both postive and negative ions

37
Q

What is a dative/coordinate covalent bond

A

A shared pair of electrons in which both electrons come from same atom

38
Q

What is an anoion

A

Are negatively charged ions

39
Q

What happens to two negatively charged ions

A

They repel one another

40
Q

What happens to two ions with opposite charges

A

They attract to one another

41
Q

What is the postive ion formed from

A

An atom that has a tendency to LOSE electrons. Which metals can easily lose electrons, the postive ion will usually be a metal

(Tend to on left side of periodic table tend to form POSITIVE ions)

42
Q

What is the negative ion formed from

A

An atom that has a tendancy to GAIN electrons. Since nonmetals form ions by gaining electrons,the negative ion will usally be a nonmetal

(Atoms on the right side of periodic table tend to form negative ions)

43
Q

What happens when metals and non- metals bond together

A

They form an ionic bond

44
Q

What does bonding always involve

A

bonding always involves the transfer or sharing of electrons from the outer shell of the atoms

45
Q

What shell do metals lose in solid state

A

There outer shell electrons

46
Q

What happens to the metal after losing it’s outer electrons

A

The electrons become delocalised through the metal lattice

47
Q

Do metals become postive or negative ions

A

Postive

48
Q

What are metals held together by (type of attraction)

A

The metal is held together by the electrostatic attraction between the delocalised electrons and the metal ions

49
Q

What is the metal ion lattice

A

A 3D arrangment of metal ions

50
Q

What is intermolecular force

A
51
Q

What are polythene

A

.Very large molecules

. Thermosoftening polymers

. Covalent bonds within chains

.Chains not joined together (but often tangled up)

52
Q

What are nanoparticles

A

Nanoparticles are really tiny, made up of only a few hundred
atoms

53
Q

What is the nanometer equation (nm is 10-9 metres)

A

nm is 10 to the power of minus -9 metres

54
Q

How to figure out volume to surface area

A

surface area ÷ volume

55
Q

What happens as particels decrease in size

A

As particles decrease in size, the size of the surface area increases relative to the volume

56
Q

What is the use of nanoparticles in Catalysts

A

High surface area to volume ratio could help to improve catalysts

57
Q

What is the use of nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

A

Tiny particles could aid in drug delivery by making the
medicines easier to absorb into the body and targeting them to the tissues
where they are needed

58
Q

What is the use of nanoparticles in Nanomedicine

A

Tiny particles could aid in drug delivery by making the
medicines easier to absorb into the body and targeting them to the tissues
where they are needed

59
Q

What is free to flow in metals

A

Delocalised electrons

60
Q

What is weak intermolecular force

A
61
Q

Meaning of a Lone Pair

A

A pair of electrons that are not part of the covalent bond

62
Q

Meaning of electrostaic

A

The force between a positive and negative charge

63
Q

What is an Aqueous

A

When a substance is dissolved in water

64
Q

What is a Empirical Formula

A

The simplest ratio of atoms in a compound

65
Q

Formula of Hydrolic

A

H Cl > [H]+ [Cl]- chloride

GCSE Yr 10-11 (11 decks)

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