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chemistry > chemistry Eoy year 9 > Flashcards

chemistry Eoy year 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Dalton’s atomic model says

A

Atoms are in undividable solid ball composed of only one type of atom

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2
Q

Isotopes are

A

Isotopes are atoms of an element, which have different numbers of neutrons, but the same number of protons and electrons 

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3
Q

How is the periodic table arranged

A

Horizontal periods arrange elements by atomic number in ascending order.
Vertical groups arrange elements by their similar properties.

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4
Q

Solid —> Gas

A

Sublimation

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5
Q

Gas —> Solid

A

Deposition

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6
Q

Describe the changes in arrangement, movement and forces between particles as they change state

A

As an object changesstate, the temperature doesn’t change because the thermal energy is being used to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction between the particles 

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7
Q

What is a pure substance

A

A single element or compound not mixed with any other substance 

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8
Q

How is the temperature of a liquid affected when evaporation takes place? 

A

The temperature of the liquid falls, because the particles that escape takes some energy from the remaining particles 

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9
Q

What is the difference between fractional distillation and simple distillation

A

Simple is separating two liquids, fractional separates more than two liquids. 

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10
Q

What is chromatography? 

A

Separating two components of a mixture 

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11
Q

What is the difference between crystallisation and filtration? 

A

Crystallisation removes soluble solid from a liquid, whilst filtration removes insoluble solid from a liquid 

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12
Q

How does paper chromatography separate components of a mixture? 

A

As the solvent soaks up the paper, it carries the mixtures with it. Different components of the mixture will move at different rates

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13
Q

What’s the formula for RF value? 

A

Dist moved by coloured spot/Dist moved by solvent

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14
Q

What is sedimentation when purifying water? 

A

Small insoluble particles are allowed to separate out. Happens before filtration

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15
Q

What is filtration when purifying water? 

A

Sand and gravel beds remove insoluble solids
(happens before chlorination )

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16
Q

What are ions? 

A

Charge particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons 

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17
Q

Metal atoms ____ electrons and form ____ ions.
Non-metal atoms ____ electrons and form ____ ions

A

Metal atoms lose electrons and form positive ions.
Non-metal atoms gain electrons and form negative ions

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18
Q

What is the attraction between electrons and nuclei called? 

A

electrostatic attraction

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19
Q

What do the -ide and -ate endings mean?

A

Ide means the compound contains only two elements
Ate means the compound contains more than two elements 

20
Q

Metal + Metal =

A

Metallic bond

21
Q

+ in an ionic bond means

A

A lost electron

22
Q

A neutral pH is

A

7

23
Q

The most alkali pH is

A

14

24
Q

Methyl orange is ___ in acid and ____ in alkali

A

Red in acid, Orange in alkali

25
Q

A high concentration of H+ ions affects the pH by

A

Lowering the pH, causing a stronger acid. OH- ions do the opposite.

26
Q

Each increase in number on the pH scale represents a decrease in H+ ion concentration by a factor of 

A

10

27
Q

More water in a solution creates results in a ______ solution

A

Dilute solution

28
Q

Acid + metal —>

A

Salt + hydrogen

29
Q

Acid + Carbonate —>

A

Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

30
Q

Acid + Base —>

A

Salt + Water

31
Q

Chemical test for hydrogen

A

Lit splint makes sqeaky pop

32
Q

Chemical test for CO2

A

Bubbles and goes cloudy in limewater

33
Q

Soluble salts

A

Common Na K NH4
Nitrates (NO3)
Most Chlorides (Cl) except Ag, Pb
Most sulphates (SO4) except Ca, Pb, Ba

34
Q

Insoluble salts

A

Most Carbonates and hydroxides (except Na, K, NH4)

35
Q

Oxidation is

A

Loss of electrons due to contact with oxygen

36
Q

Reduction is

A

Gain of electrons

37
Q

Redox reaction is

A

Both oxidation and reduction

38
Q

Phytoextraction is

A

Using plants to extract metal from ore

39
Q

Bioleaching is

A

Using bacteria to extract metal from ore

40
Q

Leaching is

A

Using Leachate - A solution produced when a solvent dissolves a mixture of substances as it passes through them - to extract metal from ore

41
Q

What are alloys?

A

A mixture of metals

42
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

A

Their ions are unevenly arranged because they are different sizes due to being from different metals

43
Q

What is rust?

A

Iron oxide (Fe2 O3). Water and oxygen form rust.

44
Q

Why is rust more persistent near the sea?

A

More water = more rust.
More salt in water = more impurities and thus faster rusting

45
Q

How can rust be slowed/prevented?

A

Covering with oil or grease, painting,
or sacrificial protection

46
Q

what is sacrificial protection

A

prevention of rust by covering a metal (eg iron) with a more reactive metal (eg zinc)

chemistry (2 decks)

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