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From Flashcardlet > Chemistry Module > Flashcards

Chemistry Module Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

Matter

A
  • Anything that has weight and occupies space
  • matter exist in solid, liquid, gas
  • matter is made up of elements
  • change of physical state of a substance is not a chemical reaction
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1
Q

Chemistry

A

-Study of composition and property of matter

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2
Q

Elements

A

Is a substance that can’t be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means

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3
Q

Oxygen-O2

A
  • gas @ room temp.
  • essential for life
  • used by cells to release energy from the food
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4
Q

Carbon-C

A
  • bases for organic chemistry
  • organic chemistry is the chemistry of life
  • a solid@ room temp.
  • has many forms ex. Lead to Diamond
  • CO2 by product of metabolic waste
  • part of carbohydrates, protein,lipids
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5
Q

H2-HYDROGEN

A
  • gas @ room temp
  • component of water
  • component of acid/base balance
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6
Q

N-Nitrogen

A
  • gas @ room temp
  • part of protein
  • part of the product of protein metabolism(nitrogenous waste)(urea)(uric acid!
  • part of our genetic material(RNA ,DNA)
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7
Q

Calcium-Ca

A
  • solid @ room temp.
  • important for bones,teeth,
  • muscle contraction, nerve conduction, blood clotting reaction
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8
Q

Potassium

A

-important for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, acid/base balance, water balance

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9
Q

Sodium-Na

A
  • solid at room temp

- important in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, water balance

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10
Q

Chlorine-Cl

A
  • gas at room temp

- important in water balance and acid/base balance

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11
Q

Iron-Fe

A
  • solid at room temp
  • part of important protein called hemoglobin
  • hemoglobin found in RBCs, transports oxygen
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12
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest complete unit of an element

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13
Q

Protons

A
  • are found in nucleus of atom

- carry positive charge

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14
Q

Neutrons

A

Are found in the nucleus of atom

-carry neutral charge

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15
Q

Electrons

A
  • found outside the atom

- carry a negative charge

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16
Q

In a complete atom

A

Protons=Electrons

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17
Q

Atomic Number

A

-number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

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18
Q

Atomic weight

A
  • the sum of the # of protons and neutrons in the atom
  • the number of neutrons can change without changing the atom it is called an isotope.
  • isotope are a variation of from the normal
  • radioisotopes-give off radiation-used for diagnose and treatment
  • radioactive iodine-used to treat thyroid cancer
19
Q

Molecules

A
  • formed when to or more atoms bond together
  • if two or more atoms are the same it is a molecule of an element
  • when the atoms combine and are not the saw that molecule is th smallest unit of that compound
20
Q

Compounds

A
  • substances that is formed by molecules that contain two or more different types of atoms
  • the property of the compound are usually different from the property of the atom that combine to form that compound

Ex. H2o- is a Liquid. Two gases for a liquid. Co2,NaCl

21
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Chemical Bonds
One atom donates electrons to other atom.

Cation-name of atoms that donates electron
-has a positive charge

Anion-name of atom that has accepted or received the electrons
-carries a negative charge

  • ionic bonds break by dissolving into water
  • salts are held together by ionic bonds in aqueous solution
22
Q

Cation

A

THIS ATOM DONATES ELECTRONS AND HAS A POSITIVE CHARGE

23
Q

ANION

A

THIS ATOM RECEIVES ELECTRONS AND HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE

24
Q

COVALENT BONDS

A
  • formed when two or more atoms share electrons
  • stronger than ionic bonds
  • sharing makes it stronger
  • are difficult to break
  • organic compounds are held together by: lipids,carbohydrates,proteins
25
Q

Mixtures

A

Combination of 2 or more substances that can be separated by physical method

26
Q

Homogenous Mixtures

A

Mixture that is the same throughout

Ex: solutions: mixture in which a solute is evenly distributed in a solvent

  1. Solute- usually a solid, has less of the Solvent
    Ex: sugar in coffee. Sugar is solute. Coffee is solvent
  2. Solvent- liquid, more of it is there than the solute
  3. Electrolytes- salts in aqueous solution

If solvent is not specified water is implied
Aqueous solution-solution in which water is the solvent
Commonly used solution in healthcare is normal saline: table salt in water

27
Q

Solutions

A

Mixture in which a solute is evenly distributed in a solvent

28
Q

Solute

A

Solute: usually solid, have less of the solvent

Ex. Sugar in coffee

Sugar is solute

Coffee is the solvent

29
Q

Solvent

A
  • liquid
  • more of it than there is of solute

Ex.
Sugar in coffee
Coffee is the Solvent

30
Q

Electrolytes

A

Salts in aqueous solution

31
Q

Heterogenous Mixtures

A

Mixture that is not the same throughout

Ex. Oil/water

  1. Suspension: mixture of large particles that tend to settle unless shaken
    Ex. Whole blood is a suspension
  2. Colloidal suspension: suspension in which particles are small enough to remain distributed
    Ex. Plasma is a colloidal suspension of proteins in a solution of electrolytes, hormones,vitamins
32
Q

Suspension

A

Mixture of large particles that tend to settle unless shaken
Ex: whole blood is a suspension
Amoxicillin is a suspension

33
Q

Colloidal suspension

A

Suspension in which the particles are small enough to remain distributed

Ex. Salad dressing making oil small enough to be distributed

Plasma- colloidal suspension of proteins in solution of Electrolytes, hormones, vitamins

34
Q

Inorganic Compounds

A

ARE COMPOUNDS

WATER, SALTS,ACIDS,BASES,BUFFERS

WATER IS A SHOCK ABSORBER

WATER PARTICIPATES IN MANY CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE BODY

35
Q

Water

A
  • inorganic compound
  • universal solvent
  • most abundant compound in the body
  • 2/3 - 60% of body weight
  • has the ability to be dissolved in many different substances
  • called the universal solvent because water dissolves many things for transport
  • most water is located in intra cellular fluid
  • water helps regulate body temp.
  • water is a lub that helps tissues glide across each other
  • fluid is in joints so there is no pain
36
Q

Salts

A
  • salts are compounds whose molecules are held together by ionic bonds
  • in solution salts become electrolytes
  • salts are formed by the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base
37
Q

Acids

A

Substance that is capable of donating a hydrogen io to a solution

  • acid taste a ill sour
  • ex. Orange juice. Lemon juice. Coffee. Soda
38
Q

Base(alkaline)

A

A chemical compound that can donate a hydroxyl ion to the solution or remove a hydrogen ion from the solution

Lye: strong base
Ammonia: strong base

39
Q

Buffers

A

Chemical compound that maintains the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution relatively safe
Chemical compound that resist sharp changes in PH

40
Q

pH scale

A

Parts of hydrogen. Degree of acidity or alkalinity
Scale goes from 1-14

1 being very acidic
14 being very alkaline

Hcl hydrochloridic acid (2-3)- stomach makes this to break down protein

urine-(average 5-8)- average is 6 urine is slightly acidic
Blood is 7.35-7.45

41
Q

Organic compounds

A

Contain carbon and hydrogen

Polymer-a molecule made up of a long chain of repeating unit

42
Q

Carbohydrates

A

-polysaccharide- a repeating unit
-monosaccharide- simple sugar
-disaccharide-2 sugar put together by covalent bonds
Ex. Table sugar

Plant carbohydrates

  • starch- we can digest starch
  • cellulose-fiber -important for peristalsis- name used for smooth muscle in stomach/digestive tract
  • glycogen- humans make this, make this for short term energy storage
    - we store glycogen in our live/skeletal muscles
  • carbohydrates that you eat are your immediate energy storage
  • glycogen -are your shorten storage
43
Q

Lipids

A

-fat is our long term energy storage
Triglycerides are the most common abundant form of lipid in the body
-triglycerides are made up of 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids
-steroids are lipids based on cholesterol
-form protective cushion/structural support for vital organs
-provides insulation
-stores fat soluble vitamins A D E K
-draw a lipid profile : LDL HDL TRIGLYRIDES

44
Q

Proteins

A
  • amino acid- building blocks for proteins
  • many amino acid covalently bond to each other to form a polypeptide
  • one or more polypeptide chain coil And form a specific 3 dimensional structure called a protein
  • every protein has a very specific shape, if the shape changes it will not be able to function
  • build and repair tissues
  • structural proteins include collagen,karoten, collagen supports the skin
  • hormones are protein(insulin)
  • protein help us to fight diseases(antibodies)
45
Q

Chemical reactions

A

Formation of a chemical bond
Breaking of a chemical bond is a chemical reaction

  1. Catalysts - reaction that are slow can be speed up by a catalysts
    -Anything that speeds up a chemical reaction and is not changed by the chemical
    Reaction
  2. Enzymes- in the body enzymes are our catalysts, enzymes are our protein catalysts
    -most end with ase- Ex. Polypeptidase - break down polypeptide
    -recycle enzymes
    -one enzyme catalizes one reaction

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