Chemistry Paper 1

Question 1

In what order were protons, neutrons and electrons discovered?
Extra: When were they discovered and who by?

Answer 1

1. Electrons - 1890s - by JJ Thompson
2. Protons - 1920 - by Ernest Rutherford
3. Neutrons - 1932 - by James Chadwick

Question 2

What are isotopes?

Answer 2

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 3

What is the plum pudding model?

Answer 3

A cloud of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it.

Question 4

What are the five ways to separate mixtures?

Answer 4

Filtration
Crystallisation
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Paper chromatography

Question 5

In covalent bonding, are electrons transferred or shared between atoms?

Answer 5

Shared

Question 6

Chlorine is a ________at room temperature.
Bromine is a ________ at room temperature.
Iodine is a _________ at room temperature and gives off purple fumes.

Answer 6

C - gas
B- liquid
I - solid
Reason: As you go down the group, the atoms get larger so have different melting and boiling points. The larger they are, the more energy required to break them because there will be more intermolecular forces.

Question 7

What bond is it with a metal and non-metal?

Answer 7

Ionic

Question 8

What bond is it with two non-metals?

Answer 8

Covalent

Question 9

Graphite, graphene, and fullerenes, are all made from carbon in a solid state. Which word best describes these structures?

Answer 9

Allotropes

Question 10

Ions with a positive charge are called _______
Ions with a negative charge are called _______

Answer 10

Positive - cations
Negative - anions

Question 11

Positive electrode: ________
Negative electrode: ________

Answer 11

Positive electrode: anion
Negative electrode: cathode

Question 12

In metallic bonding, each metal atom becomes an ion with a __________ charge.
These electrons are said to be ‘___________’

Answer 12

Positive
Delocalised

Question 13

What is an acid?

Answer 13

A chemical substance, usually a liquid, which contains hydrogen and can react with other substances to form salts

Question 14

What is a spectator ion?

Answer 14

An ion that doesn’t take part in the reaction and so keeps the same charge

Question 15

What is a displacement reaction

Answer 15

A more reactive metal will displace or push out a less reactive metal
e.g. magnesium + copper sulfate -> copper + magnesium sulfate

Question 16

Which group are noble gases?

Answer 16

Group 0

Question 17

Which group are halogens?

Answer 17

Group 7

Question 18

In electrolysis, which direction do the electrons travel?

Answer 18

Anode -> cathode

Question 19

Which of the following make up the nucleus of an atom?
Proton, neutron, electron

Answer 19

Proton, neutron

Question 20

The halogens exist as _________ molecules, meaning each molecule consists of two atoms.

Answer 20

Diatomic