Chemistry Paper 1 Flashcards
Do exothermic reactions make bonds or break bonds?
They make bonds. Exothermic reactions also release energy and increase the temperature of the surroundings.
In electrolysis do the ions get reduced or oxidised at the cathode?
They get reduced at the cathode and oxidised at the anode.
What is an isotope?
The same element with a different number of neutrons.
What is the charge and mass of an electron, proton and neutron.
Electron- charge: -1 mass: very small
Proton- charge:+1 mass: 1
Neutron- charge:0 mass:1
What is the pattern of reactivity down group 7?
They get less reactive as you go down the group as the outer shell is getting further away from the nucleus so it is harder to gain an electron. Weaker electrostatic force of attraction.
How does the concentration of H+ ions change with pH?
The lower the pH the higher the concentration of H+ ions.
What does OIL RIG mean?
Oxidation is loss of electrons, reduction is gain of electrons.
Who designed the periodic table?
Dimitri Mendeleev
Why are alkali metals stored in oil?
As they react vigorously with oxygen and water.
What is the pattern of reactivity in group 1?
Alkali metals reactivity increases as you go down the group. This is because the outer shell is further away from the nucleus therefore the electrostatic force of attraction is weaker and it is easier to lose an electron.
What is an ion?
An ion is when atoms gain or lose electrons to get a full outer shell and an overall charge.
Why do metals form positively charged ions?
As they need to lose electrons to get a full outer shell.
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten?
As they have a sea of delocalised electrons which can carry charge.
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is when atoms share electrons to get a full outer shell.
What is a displacement reaction?
A displacement reaction is when a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from a solution of its salt.
