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Science 10 > Chemistry Pt.1 > Flashcards

Chemistry Pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical Properties

A

Observed without changing chemical structure

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2
Q

Chemical properties

A

Describes a possible chemical change (irreversible)

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3
Q

Mixtures

A

Two or more substances put together, but not chemically combined

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4
Q

Pure Substances

A

Have identical properties in every sample

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5
Q

Elements

A

Substances that cannot be broken down into anything smaller

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6
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest part of an atom that can exist individually

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7
Q

Compounds

A

Substances formed from two or more elements, always combined in fixed proportions

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8
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Centre of an atom containing protons and neutrons

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10
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particle found in the nucleus

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11
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged particles found in the nucleus

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12
Q

Atomic Number

A

The protons in its nucleus

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13
Q

Mass number

A

The total number or protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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14
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The average mass of the atoms in the element

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15
Q

Electrons

A

The smallest particle in an atom, negatively charged

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16
Q

Electron shells

A

The electrons are arranged around the nucleus in these

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17
Q

Unpaired electrons

A

Single electrons in the shells

18
Q

Paired electrons

A

Two electrons together in a shell

19
Q

Chemical family

A

Groups of elements that have the same physical and chemical properties

20
Q

Alkali Metals

A
  • soft low density metals
  • reacts with water to form hydrogen
  • forms compounds with oxygen that are basic
  • loose one electron to form an ion
21
Q

Alkaline Metals

A
  • hard metals, low density
  • reacts with water but not as vigorously as the alkali metals
  • loses two electrons to form an ion
22
Q

Halogens

A
  • highly reactive, toxic non-metals
  • bright colours
  • gain one electron to form an ion
23
Q

Noble gases

A
  • very unreactive
  • colourless, odourless gases
  • do not readily form ions
24
Q

Noble gases

A
  • very unreactive
  • colourless, odourless gases
  • do not readily form ions
25
Q

Transition metals

A
  • properties vary significantly

- various numbers of electrons lost to form ions

26
Q

Bond

A

Modern atomic theory which suggests atoms join together (bond)

27
Q

Valence shell

A

The outermost shell

28
Q

Valence electrons

A

The electrons in the valence shell

29
Q

Ion

A

A charged atom

30
Q

Ionic compounds

A

Oppositely

31
Q

Ionic bonding

A

The transfer of valence electrons

32
Q

Ionic compound properties

A
  • ionic compounds form crystals
  • ionic compounds have high melting points
  • ionic compounds are very hard and brittle
  • ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water
33
Q

Covalent or molecular compounds

A

The result of valence electron sharing

34
Q

Covalent bonding

A

The sharing of valence electrons

35
Q

Molecule

A

A neutral particle that consists of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together

36
Q

Diatomic molecule

A

Paired atoms

37
Q

Some properties of molecular compounds

A
  • molecular compounds form crystals
  • molecular compounds have low melting or boiling points
  • molecular compounds are poor conductors of electricity when dissolved in water
  • do not separate to form ions
38
Q

Phases or states

A

Gases, solid or liquid

39
Q

Chemical formula

A

Describes proportions of the component elements

40
Q

Ion charge balance

A

The total positive ion charge must be equal or cancel the total negative ion charge

41
Q

Multivalvent

A

Metal elements that have more than one ion charge

42
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

Atoms that bond together than act as a single ion

Science 10 (1 decks)

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