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Acc Science > Chemistry Test Vocab > Flashcards

Chemistry Test Vocab Flashcards

0
Q

Dependent variable

A

y; the outcome. Then “then”

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1
Q

Hypothesis

A

An explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested

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2
Q

Independent variable

A

x; causes the outcome. The “if”

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3
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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4
Q

Chemical property

A

A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions
Ex: flammable? Soluble?

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5
Q

Chemical change

A

A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
Ex: catching on fire, two chemicals reacting,

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6
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without involving a chemical change
Ex: color, luster, density, color, hardness

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7
Q

Physical change

A

A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties

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8
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

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9
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of an element

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10
Q

Isotope

A

An atom that has the same number of protons (or the same atomic number) as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons (and thus a different mass); atoms the same element, but different mass

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11
Q

Mass number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Electron

A

Negative
Very small
Electron cloud

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13
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Valence electron

A

Negative
Tiny
Outermost shell of atom
(determines the atom’s chemical properties)

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14
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Proton

A

Positive
1 amu
Nucleus

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15
Q

Charge, mass, and location of:

Neutron

A

No charge
1 amu
Nucleus

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16
Q

Gas

A

A form of matter that doesn’t have a definite volume or shape

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17
Q

Liquid

A

The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

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18
Q

Solid

A

The state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

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19
Q

Fluid

A

A nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms are free to move past each other

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20
Q

Boiling

A

The conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure

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21
Q

Freezing

A

Liquid to solid

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22
Q

Melting

A

Solid to liquid

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23
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to liquid

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24
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas

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25
Q

Deposition

A

Gas to solid

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27
Q

Compound

A

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

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28
Q

Element

A

a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

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29
Q

Mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Each element contains it’s own properties

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30
Q

Solution

A

a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed

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31
Q

solute

A

in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent

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32
Q

Solvent

A

in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

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33
Q

colloid

A

a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas

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34
Q

Suspension

A

A homogeneous mixture that settles when standing and can be filtered

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35
Q

heterogeneous

A

not uniformly mixed; different parts have different characteristics

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36
Q

homogenous

A

uniform

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37
Q

molecule

A

the smallest physical unit of an element or compound

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38
Q

covalent bonding

A

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electron.
Happens with two non metals

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39
Q

ionic bonding

A

the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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40
Q

metallic bonding

A

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them

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41
Q

inert

A

having little or no ability to react

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42
Q

anion

A

ion with negative charge

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43
Q

cation

A

ion with positive charge

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44
Q

group

A

down, same # of valence electrons

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45
Q

period

A

right, energy levels

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46
Q

law of conservation of matter

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction

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47
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction

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48
Q

law of conservation of energy and matter

A

E=mc^2

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49
Q

law of conservation of charge

A

The net charge of an isolated system remains constant

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50
Q

density

A

mass/volume

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51
Q

alkali elements

A 
Group:1
Physical Characteristics: metallic
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 1 electron
Ion: 1+
Bond Type: ionic;metallic
52
Q

alkali earth elements

A 
Group:2
Physical Characteristics: metallic
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 2 electrons
Ion: 2+
Bond Type: ionic;metallic
53
Q

transitions elements

A 
Group:3-12
Physical Characteristics: metallic
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: N/A
Ion: N/A
Bond Type: ionic;metallic
54
Q

Group 13

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 3 electrons
Ion: 3+
Bond Type: ionic;metallic

55
Q

Group 14

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: C, Si share only
Ion: N/A
Bond Type: covalent (everything)

56
Q

Group 15

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 3 electrons
Ion: 3-
Bond Type: ionic;covalent

57
Q

Group 16

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 2 electrons
Ion: 2-
Bond Type: ionic;covalent

58
Q

Halogen

A 
Group:17
Physical Characteristics: nonmetal
Gain, Lose, or Share electron:gain 1 electron
Ion: 1-
Bond Type: ionic;covalent
59
Q

Noble Gas

A 
Group:18
Physical Characteristics: colorless, odorless gases
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: nothing
Ion: none
Bond Type: inert
60
Q

synthesis

A

A+X–> AX

61
Q

decomposition

A

AX–>A+X

62
Q

single replacement

A

A+BX–>B+AX

63
Q

double replacement/displacement

A

AX+BY–?AY+BX

64
Q

Combustion

A

substance+oxygen–> oxides, light, heat

65
Q

nuclide

A

single type of nucleus

66
Q

nucleons

A

protons or netrons

67
Q

radioactivity

A

n. process by which an unstable nucleus releases particles and/or energy to get a stable energy state

68
Q

Radioactive

A

adj. describes a nucleus in an unstable state

also my favorite song

69
Q

radiation

A

n. the particles or energy given off by a radioactive nucleus

70
Q

positron

A

same mass as electron, but has a postive charge

71
Q

alpha radiation

A

symbols: α, α^2+, He^2+, 4/He/2^2+
mass number: 4
charge: 2+
other notes: helium; nucleus

72
Q

beta radiation

A

symbols: β, β-,e-, 0/e/-1
mass number: 0
charge: 1-
other notes: high energy electron

73
Q

gamma radiation

A

symbols: Y
mass number: 0
charge: 0
other notes: electromagnetic energy wave

74
Q

Band of stability

A

When the amount of protons increase, the amount of neutrons needed to stabilize the nucleus also increases.
Too many protons=unstable
Too many neutrons=unstable
Unstable nucleus=a nucleur reaction to become stable

75
Q

half-life

A

the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value

76
Q

Element

A

a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

77
Q

Mixture

A

a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

78
Q

Solution

A

a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed

79
Q

solute

A

in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent

80
Q

Solvent

A

in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

81
Q

colloid

A

a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas

82
Q

Suspension

A

a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas

83
Q

heterogeneous

A

not uniformly mixed

84
Q

homogenous

A

uniformly mixed

85
Q

molecule

A

the smallest physical unit of an element or compound

86
Q

covalent bonding

A

a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electron

87
Q

ionic bonding

A

the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

88
Q

metallic bonding

A

a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them

89
Q

inert

A

having little or no ability to react

90
Q

anion

A

ion with negative charge

91
Q

cation

A

ion with positive charge

92
Q

group

A

down, same # of valence electrons

93
Q

period

A

right, samed number of orbitals that have electrons

94
Q

law of conservation of matter

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction

95
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction

96
Q

law of conservation of energy and matter

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed in a natural chemical reaction

97
Q

law of conservation of charge

A

The net charge of an isolated system remains constant

98
Q

density

A

mass/volume

99
Q

alkali elements

A 
Group:1
Physical Characteristics: metallic
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 1 electron
Ion: 1+
Bond Type: ionic;metallic
100
Q

alkali earth elements

A 
Group:2
Physical Characteristics: metallic
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 2 electrons
Ion: 2+
Bond Type: ionic;metallic
101
Q

transitions elements

A 
Group:3-12
Physical Characteristics: metallic
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: N/A
Ion: N/A
Bond Type: ionic;metallic
102
Q

Group 13

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: lose 3 electrons
Ion: 3+
Bond Type: ionic;metallic

103
Q

Group 14

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: C, Si share only
Ion: N/A
Bond Type: covalent (everything)

104
Q

Group 15

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 3 electrons
Ion: 3-
Bond Type: ionic;covalent

105
Q

Group 16

A

Physical Characteristics: metalloid/ nonmental
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: gain 2 electrons
Ion: 2-
Bond Type: ionic;covalent

106
Q

Halogen

A 
Group:17
Physical Characteristics: nonmetal
Gain, Lose, or Share electron:gain 1 electron
Ion: 1-
Bond Type: ionic;covalent
107
Q

Noble Gas

A 
Group:18
Physical Characteristics: colorless, odorless gases
Gain, Lose, or Share electron: nothing
Ion: none
Bond Type: inert
108
Q

synthesis

A

A+X–> AX

109
Q

decomposition

A

AX–>A+X

110
Q

single replacement

A

A+BX–>B+AX

111
Q

double replacement/displacement

A

AX+BY–?AY+BX

112
Q

Combustion

A

substance+oxygen–> oxides, light, heat

113
Q

nuclide

A

single type of nucleus

114
Q

nucleons

A

protons or netrons

115
Q

radioactivity

A

n. process by which an unstable nucleus releases particles and/or energy to get a stable energy state

116
Q

Radioactive

A

adj. describes a nucleus in an unstable state

also my favorite song

117
Q

radiation

A

n. the particles or energy given off by a radioactive nucleus

118
Q

positron

A

same mass as electron, but has a postive charge

119
Q

alpha radiation

A

symbols: α, α^2+, He^2+, 4/He/2^2+
mass number: 4
charge: 2+
other notes: helium; nucleus

120
Q

beta radiation

A

symbols: β, β-,e-, 0/e/-1
mass number: 0
charge: 1-
other notes: high energy electron

121
Q

gamma radiation

A

symbols: Y
mass number: 0
charge: 0
other notes: electromagnetic energy wave

122
Q

Band of stability

A

When the amount of protons increase, the amount of neutrons needed to stabilize the nucleus also increases.
Too many protons=unstable
Too many neutrons=unstable
Unstable nucleus=a nucleur reaction to become stable

123
Q

half-life

A

the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value

124
Q

Mass

A

Kg

125
Q

Product

A

The end substance/element after a chemical reaction

126
Q

Substance

A

Uniform composition

Acc Science (9 decks)

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