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Study Decks > Chemistry Unit 2 > Flashcards

Chemistry Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What’s a homologous series?

A

Compounds with the same general formula and have similar chemical properties

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2
Q

What’s the three homologous series areas?

A

Alkane,Alkene,Cycloalkane

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3
Q

A general increase in mp/bp of a homologous is caused?

A

By increasing attractive forces between molecules as the molecules get bigger

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4
Q

What’s the general formula?

A

A ratio that tells you how many hydrogen atoms a hydrocarbon has if you know how many carbons it has vice versa

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5
Q

Alkanes?

A

Saturated(single bonds)
GF= CnH2n+2
Ends in ane
Used as fuels
Insoluble in water

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6
Q

Alkenes?

A

Unsaturated(double bonds)
GF=CnH2n
Ends in ene
Insoluble in water
Used in polymers and alcohol

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7
Q

Cycloalkanes?

A

Saturated(single bonds)
GF=CnH2n
Start-Cyclo End-ane
Used as fuels & solvents
Insoluble in water

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8
Q

Explain the process of hydrogenation?

A

Reacting Alkenes with hydrogen will turn them into alkanes

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9
Q

How do you test if a chemical is unsaturated?

A

With bromine solution

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10
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formula

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11
Q

Alcohols general formula?

A

CnH2n+1OH

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12
Q

What’s alcohols functional group?

A

Hydroxyl group

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13
Q

Uses of alcohols?

A

Fuels as they’re highly flammable and burn with a clean blue flame, also used as solvents

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14
Q

What’s Carboxylic acids functional group?

A

Carboxyl which is -COOH
Ends in -anoic acid

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15
Q

Uses of Carboxylic acids?

A

Preservatives, flavourings

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16
Q

What’s a combustion reaction?

A

When a substance reacts with oxygen to release energy

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17
Q

What does alcohols contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen & oxygen

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18
Q

What’s sulfur dioxide?

A

Gas that can cause acid rain

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19
Q

What’s nitrogen dioxide?

A

Gas that causes acid rain

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20
Q

What’s carbon monoxide+soot?

A

Formed due to incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon

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21
Q

What’s a incomplete combustion?

A

Not enough oxygen

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22
Q

How do you test if CO2 is present?

A

When limewater goes from clear to cloudy

23
Q

How do you test for H2O?

A

When colbalt chloride goes from blue to pink

24
Q

What’s vinegars second name

A

Ethanoic Acid

25
Q

What’s your products of a complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide & water

26
Q

What does metal oxides form?

A

Salt + Water

27
Q

What does metal hydroxides form?

A

Salt + Water

28
Q

What does metal carbonate form?

A

Salt + Water + CO2

29
Q

What’s does the term soluble mean?

A

Dissolves (usually in water)

30
Q

What does the term insoluble mean?

A

Does not dissolve (usually in water)

31
Q

What does the term solute mean?

A

The substance that gets dissolved

32
Q

Solvent?

A

What the solute dissolves in

33
Q

What does the term solution mean?

A

Final mixture of solvent and solute

34
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

Accurately known concentration

35
Q

What are concordant values?

A

Values within 0.2 of each other

36
Q

What’s the melting point?

A

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid

37
Q

What’s the boiling point?

A

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas

38
Q

What is reaction rate?

A

The speed that a chemical reaction takes place in

39
Q

What transition metals often make good catalysts?

A

Platinum, Rhodium (used in car catalytic converters)

40
Q

Explain reaction rate graphs?

A

The steeper the line the faster the reaction
Flat lines mean the reaction has stopped

41
Q

What’s the reaction rate formula?

A

Rate= quantity/time

42
Q

Whats Carboxylic acids general formula?

A

CnH2n+1COOH

43
Q

What’s an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction which releases heat energy

44
Q

What’s the formula to see how much energy is in a fuel?

A

E=mcDeltaT

45
Q

What’s an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction where energy is absorbed from the surroundings

46
Q

What’s the meanings of E=mcDeltaT

A

E= energy being released in KJ
M= Mass is substance being heated
C= Specific heat capacity
DT= Change in temperature

47
Q

What does metal oxides make?

A

Alkali solutions

48
Q

What does non-metal oxides make?

A

Acidic solutions

49
Q

What is three pieces of apparatus?

A

Burette, Pipette, Conical flask

50
Q

What are your -ate ions?

A

Sulfate, Nitrate, Chlorate

51
Q

What are your -ite ions?

A

Similar to -ate ions

52
Q

What are your -hydroxide ions?

A

Has that formula OH

53
Q

What are your -Ammomnium ions?

A

Has the formula NH4

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