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Pharmacology > Chemoterapeutics of synthesis > Flashcards

Chemoterapeutics of synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Arsenic derivatives

A

Antihistominic tto

Electivity on: parasitic flagellates and helmints

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2
Q

Bistuth derivatives

A 
Antihistominic tto
Derivatives: carbonates, salicylates...
Spectrum:Diarrhea therapy w colibacillosus and spirochetes; weak on trypanosoma
Carbonates of busmuth: antiacid effect
Comercial: Bivatol, Bistrimate
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3
Q

Tripaflavin (adriflavine, Gonacrin, Flavacridium…)

A

Antihistominic tto
Acridine derivatives

In hematosporidiosis: nutualosis babesiosis. babesiolosis
NO actv in: theiloriosis and anaplasmosis
Locally in gynecology

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4
Q

Rivanol (aethacridini lactas)

A

Antihistominic tto
Acridine derivatives
Mode of action: antiseptic and bactericidal against strepto and staphilococcus
Not irritatin, no disturbance of phagocytosis
No lost f(x) in precense of blood serum

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5
Q

Ethacrynic acid

A

Antihistominic tto
Acridine derivatives
Mode of action: diuretic similar activity to furosamide
Spectrum: active against streptococcus
Side effects: ototoxicity, enteritis and vomiting
Edericin, Reomax, Taladren…

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6
Q

Bovoflavine

A 
Antihistominic tto
Acridine derivatives
Mixture of 3 acridine derivatives
Ointment in genital tract in cattle
Spectrum: genital trichomonasis
Side effects: balanophositis and balanitis
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7
Q

Atebrin

A

Antihistominic tto
Acridine derivatives

Humans: tto 4 malaria
Vet: tto 4 protozooses

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8
Q

Quinacrine

A

Antihistominic tto
Acridine derivatives

Spectrum: in trichomoniasis and giardasis
Side effects: anorexia, vomiting, enteritis, skin pigmentation, hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

Naganole

A

Anttitrypanomiasis tto
Acridine derivatives

To 4 try

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10
Q

Antimony (Sb) derivatives

A

Trypasonomiasis Tto

Similar mode of action to arsenic (active against flagells and helmints), organic and inorganic derivative have antivomiting and expectorant actv

Spectrum: trypanosomyasis, filariasis, has 3valent derivatives as well as pentavalent derivatives

  1. Antimosan: antihelmintic actv in ruminants
  2. Neoanimosan: dicroceliosis in sheep, Fuadin
  3. Antimony potassium tartrate
  4. Stibosan and Stibophen: some animals due to therapy can develop several degrees of inmunity against the parasite (trypanosomiasis)
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11
Q

Diamidines

A

Trypasonomiasis Tto
Babesia tto

Mode of action: babesicidal and antibact actv (the presence of 2 groups of guanylama guanylamadin separaden by a chain of paraffinic hydrocarbon-> trypanocide actv)
side effect: may increase internal muscle movs

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12
Q

Phenamide Isethionate

A

Antibabesia Tto
Diaminide
Effective in: babesiosis in cattle. horses and dogs
Spectrum: strong action i Theileria evansi and T.burucei

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13
Q

Stilbamine and Pentamidine

A

Trypasonomiasis Tto
Diaminide

Toxic (preferred pentamidine to treat human trypasonomiasis)

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14
Q

Amicarbalide isothionate

A

Antibabesia Tto
Diaminide

Spectrum: active on babesia ssp but not very in B.canis
Used 4 preinmunity by controling clinical symptoms (NOT definitive elimination)
Side effects: hb level declines much after 48h, small reactions at injection site

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15
Q

Nitrothiazole group

A

Antihistomonas tto
Mode of action: presence of nitro group under the influence of nitroreductase developed by mmoo-> into toxic producrts

Resistance can b installed and its crossed

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16
Q

Nithiazide (Hepzide)

A

Nitrothazole group
Antihistomonas tto

Spectrum: efficient against histomoniasis and trichomoniasis in birds

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17
Q

Homidium Halogenates

A

Antihistomonas tto
Amino - phenantridium compound

mode of action: trypanocide actv
spectrum: T.congolense and T.vivax
side effects: severe local reactions or laminitis
Homidium Novidum

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18
Q

Isometamidium chloride

A

Tryponosomiasiss tto
Amino - phenantridium compound
Mode of action: trypanocide
Spectrum: T. vivax and congolense + T.evansi
side effects: local reactions and necrosis

19
Q

Berenil

A

Tryponosomiasiss tto
Aceturat diminazen compounds (triazine)
Good antiseptc action
Spectrum: trypanosomiasis (v effectuve) and moderate effcets on T. brucei
Disapareance of symptoms in animals w babesia
side effects:
- in horses injuries and severe irritation on injection site
- overdose: respiratory ans digestive problems, aniety and hypotension
Commercials: Berenilum, Azidin

20
Q

Antricid

A 
Tryponosomiasiss tto
Quinapyramin compounds
Trypanocide (inhibits parasitc growth phase ans cell division)
Spectrum: Trypanosoma spp
Commercial: antricid, quiropiramin
21
Q

Suramin

A

Tryponosomiasiss tto
Quinapyramin compounds

Spectrum: T. evansi, brucei, equinum, equiperdium
Meium toxicity= has a narrow therapeutic index

22
Q

Saprosan (dichloroxyquinaldine)

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Oxyquinolone derivatives
Antibacterial, intestinal antifungal and antiprotozoan
Spectrum: enterococci, staphylococci, streptococci

23
Q

Saprometin

A

Antitrichomonas tto

Oxyquinolone derivatives

24
Q

Iodisept

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Oxyquinolone derivatives
Vioform in the tto of enteritis and enterocolitis
Decoquinate and Nequinate in coccidiosis

25
Q

Methylene Blue

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Thiazine derivatives
mode of action: influences tissue redox processes
Local antiseptic and urine permeability testing agent
Traumatic wounds, arthritis, mouth ulcers, injuries…
Rapid distribution

26
Q

Pioctatin

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Triphenylmetane derivatives
Intensive antiseptic properties that decrease w organic substances
Wounds, ulcers, sores, wet ezcema, dermatomycosis

27
Q

Nitrofuran derivatives

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Action: interfiring enzymatic oxidative processes
Bacteriostatic (bactericidal)
Spectrum: G+/-, Trichomonas, Giardia,, Amoeba, Eimeria, (NO Proetus)
Side effects: parenterally can cause: enteritis, eosinophilia, peripheral polineuritis, optic nerve damage
Commercial: Furoxona,Clorovit

28
Q

Nitrofuran

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Nitrofuran derivatives

Spectrum: G+ some G- pathogenic protozoa (coccidia, trichomonas)
In obstetris and gynecology, mastitis, GET
Commercial: Nitrofural, D¡Furacin, Furacilin

29
Q

Furazolidone

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Nitrofuran derivatives
In avian and swine salmonellosis and colibacilosis in piglets, Histomoniasis, avian coccidiosis, giardasis, edema disease…

Commercial: Furazolidone, Galifuran

30
Q

Nitrofurazone

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Nitrofuran derivatives
Active: antiprotozoal, G+/-
Spectrum: digstive affections caused by salmonella

31
Q

Clioquinol

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Quinoxaline derivatives

Mild enteritis, restoring eurobiosis, dysentery
uterine path, powders, ointments

32
Q

Chlorquinaldol

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Quinoxaline derivatives

Mode of action: synergizises associated w carbadox, oxytetracycline, sulfonamides
Really good absorption Indic: diahrrea, swine atrophic rinitis and septics dermatitis

33
Q

Olaquindox

A

Antitrichomonas tto
Quinoxaline derivatives
used mainly in piglets

34
Q

Trypan Blue

A

Antibabesian Tto
Benzidine derivatives

Spectrum: B. equis, bovis, gibsony
animal remains a carrier
diffuses well, stains body and milk

Side effects afetr injection:

  • Resp disorders
  • Heavy sweating and chills

Commercial: Tripasin Tripanblau

35
Q

Quinolone Carbonic acid derivatives (quinolones)

A

Action: Bloking bact DNA gyrase (their presence blocks the negative spiral phase in the bacterial chromosome, determined by DNA gyrase-> results in small fragments of nonf(x) DNA-> bact death)
Spectrum: G+, E. coli, proteus, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma
Activity: bactericidal= at bact nuclear level, which pry the dna and idstorts its functions
Side effects: GI disorders, central nervous manifestations, erratic, some arthopatic effects in young animals
Commercials: Gramurin (Oxolinic acid)

35
Q

Quinolone Carbonic acid derivatives (quinolones)

A

Action: Bloking bact DNA gyrase (their presence blocks the negative spiral phase in the bacterial chromosome, determined by DNA gyrase-> results in small fragments of nonf(x) DNA-> bact death)
Spectrum: G+, E. coli, proteus, Pseudomonas, Mycoplasma
Activity: bactericidal= at bact nuclear level, which pry the dna and idstorts its functions
Side effects: GI disorders, central nervous manifestations, erratic, some arthopatic effects in young animals
Commercials: Gramurin (Oxolinic acid)

36
Q

Nalidixic acid

A

Quinolone
Spectrum: limited and deep-> G- on enterobacter and Klebsiella; less active on P.aureiginosa and G+ (not active)
Big part inactivates in the liver via oxidation and conjugation reactions
Side effects. DIGESTIVE IRRITATION, liver diseases

37
Q

Oxolinic acid

A

Quinolone
Spectrum and mode of act: similar to nalidixc but less toxic
Side effects: same plus photosensitization
ommercial: Gramurin

38
Q

Flumequine

A

Fluorinated quinilone derivatives
Antimicrobial effect: due to the whole molecule, halogens are liberated in trace amounts
Spectrum: G+/- (very effective on E. coli, salmonella, proteus, klebsiella
Activity: bactericidal, bacteriolitic
Side effects: cartillage damage and hepatotoxicity
Commercial: Imequil 10% soluble powder

39
Q

Cinoxacine

A

Fluorinated quinilone derivatives
Antimicrobial effect: due to the whole molecule, halogens are liberated in trace amounts
Spectrum: G+/-
Activity: bactericidal, bacteriolitic

Similar to oxolinic acid and flumequine, not used yet ina animals

40
Q

EnroFloxacin

A

Fluorinated quinilone derivatives
Antimicrobial effect: due to the whole molecule, halogens are liberated in trace amounts
Spectrum: G+/- (exclusevily anaerobes)
Activity: bactericidal, bacteriolitic
Side effects: non toxic neither at x10 - 40 times dose, articular cartilage damage in dogs

41
Q

Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin

A

Fluorinated quinilone derivatives
Antimicrobial effect: due to the whole molecule, halogens are liberated in trace amounts
Spectrum: G+/-
Activity: bactericidal, bacteriolitic

42
Q

Danofloxacin

A

Fluorinated quinilone derivatives
Antimicrobial effect: due to the whole molecule, halogens are liberated in trace amounts
Spectrum: G+/- (V good i pneumonia caused by Haemophillus spp)
Activity: bactericidal, bacteriolitic
New w promising uses

Major constitutens:

  • ibafloxacin
  • Sparfloxacin
  • Difloxacin

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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