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FRCR 2B Prep > Chest & Cardio > Flashcards

Chest & Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

A

Granuloma - sec to infection/inflammation
Neoplasm
Hamartoma
Round pneumonia (if paeds)
AVM

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2
Q

Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

A

Metastatic disease
TB/Fungal granulomatous disease
Septic Emboli
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
RA

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3
Q

Cavitary Pulmonary Nodule

A

Malignancy - SCC
Infection - TB (Reactivation Phase) ; Fungi ; Pyogenic infection (abscess/septic emboli)
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
RA

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4
Q

Miliary Pulmonary Nodules

A

TB
Fungal
Mets - thyroid, RCC, melanoma
Pneumoconiosis - silicosis/coal worker’s
Healed varicella

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5
Q

Centrilobular Pulmonary Nodules

A

Infectious Bronchiolitis - sec. to MAI, TB
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis –> Mid/Lower zones
Endobronchial tumour spread
RB-ILD –> Upper zone
Pneumoconiosis

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6
Q

Cystic Lung Disease

A

Emphysema
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis

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7
Q

Lower lobe ILD

A

Usual interstitial pneumonia
Collagen vascular disease - Scleroderma, RA, SLE
Asbestos-related
Drug toxicity - Amiodarone

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8
Q

Upper lobe ILD

A

Post primary TB
Sarcoidosis
Cystic fibrosis
Silicosis / coal worker’s. pneumoconiosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis

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9
Q

Unilateral hyperlucent lung

A

Airway obstruction
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Chest wall abnormality
Swyer-James Syndrome
Acute asthmatic attack

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10
Q

Anterior mediastinal mass

A

Lymphoma
Thymic lesion - thymic hyperplasia, thymic rebound, infiltrated, thymoma, thymic carcinoma, thymic carcinoid, cysts, lipomas
Thyroid lesion
Germ cell neoplasm

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11
Q

Middle mediastinal mass

A

Lymphadenopathy
Vascular abnormality
Congenital cyst
Hiatal hernia

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12
Q

Posterior mediastinal mass

A

Neurogenic tumour - nerve sheath tumour (schwannoma, neurofibroma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour), sympathetic ganglion cell tumour (neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma), preganglionic tumour
Developmental cyst
Lymphoma
Extramedullary Haematopoiesis
Mediastinal haematoma

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13
Q

Chronic airspace disease

A

Organising pneumonia - patchy, peribronchial consolidation, lower lobe predominance, sparring of the subpleural space
Lung cancer
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis - smooth, interlobular septal thickening with crazy-paving
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia

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14
Q

Peripheral air-space disease

A

Embolic disease
Organising pneumonia
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia - upper lobe predominance
Pulmonary contusion

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15
Q

Ground glass opacification

A

Pulmonary oedema
Infection
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Alveolar proteinosis
Vasculitis

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16
Q

Mediastinal/ hilar lymphadenopathy

A

Infection
Lymphoma - Asymmetrical
Sarcoidosis - Symmetrical
Mets
Pneumoconiosis - upper lobar parenchyma disease, scarring and sub pleural nodules

17
Q

Calcified pleural disease

A

Asbestos-related pleural disease
Fibrothorax
Iatrogenic - pleurodesis

18
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Postinfectious -> Lady Windermere syndrome, Swyer-james Syndrome
Cystic fibrosis
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Primary ciliary dyskinesia

19
Q

Perilymphatic pulmonary nodules

A

Sarcoidosis
Lymphangitis spread of tumour
Pneumoconiosis
Lymphoproliferative disorder

20
Q

Pleural based mass

A

Pleural mets
Empyema
Mesothelioma
Fibrous tumour of the pleura - ass with HOA and episodic hypoglycaemia
Fibrothorax

21
Q

Parenchymal disease in HIV patient

A

Pneumocystitis pneumonia - CD4 below 200 ; confluent regions of ground glass opacities with/without reticulonodular septal thickening
TB
Fungal infection
Invasive aspergilloma - air cresent sign
Kaposi sarcoma
Pulmonary lymphoma

22
Q

Abnormal left ventricular contour

A

True left ventricular aneurysm - wide neck, anterolateral
False left ventricular aneurysm - narrow neck, posterior surface
Pericardial cyst/ mass
Calcific pericarditis

23
Q

Cardiac Mass

A

Thrombus
Mets
Benign primary cardiac neoplasm
Malignant primary cardiac neoplasm - sarcoma

24
Q

Delayed myocardial enhancement

A

Infarction/ scar
Myocarditis
Cardiac neoplasm
Infiltrative disease

25
Q

Cardiac wall fat

A

Lipoma
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the intertribal septum
Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

26
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis
Coronary artery aneurysm
Anomalous coronary arteries
Coronary artery dissection

27
Q

Chest wall mass

A

Mets - breast, lung, prostate, melanoma
Fatty tumour
Rib tumour - chondrosarcoma
Chest wall infection -> empyema necessitates
Elastofibroma dorsi

28
Q

Head Cheese Sign

A

Ass w/ Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Juxtaposition of regions with three (or more) different densities/regions of different attenuation - ground-glass opacities (high attenuation), mosaic attenuation pattern (low attenuation)
and normal lung tissue (normal attenuation).

FRCR 2B Prep (10 decks)

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