child language acquisition - speech

Question 1

define underextension

Answer 1

when a child struggles to make links and associations with a word where it is necessary

Question 2

define overextension

Answer 2

where a child makes too many links and associations with a word they already know

Question 3

overextension type

Answer 3

categorical, analogical, statements

Question 4

categorical overextension

Answer 4

categories

Question 5

analogical overextension

Answer 5

object isn’t in the same category but bears some similarity, physical or functional

Question 6

statement overextension

Answer 6

making a statement about an object in relation to another object

Question 7

how does Skinner suggest children learn language

Answer 7

children learn language due to their environment and the people around them

Question 8

positive reinforcement (Skinner)

Answer 8

carer helps/encourages the child to talk

Question 9

what does Chomsky suggest language is

Answer 9

innate

Question 10

what does Chomsky believe we’re all born with

Answer 10

the ability to use language

Question 11

language acquisition device (Chomsky)

Answer 11

part of our brain allowing us to learn language; born to understand syntax

Question 12

Genie (case study)

Answer 12

‘I like log’ simple sentence
found in 1970
loss of research grant in 1974
not being able to form sentences, supports critical period - may have been to do with difficulty of task

Question 13

what does Piaget say language goes hand in hand with

Answer 13

intellectual development - as a child intellect develops, so does their language

Question 13

what does Piaget believe

Answer 13

believes there’s more to it than just simply saying children are born with ability to use language

Question 14

articulators

Answer 14

different parts of the mouth which allows us to produce sounds

Question 15

what stage does auxiliary verbs appear

Answer 15

post telegraphic stage

Question 16

deictic reference

Answer 16

shows spatial awareness, labelling

Question 17

prepositions

Answer 17

post telegraphic stage

Question 18

child directed speech

Answer 18

any technique used by a parent or carer to help children learn and develop further

Question 19

interrogatives - child directed speech

Answer 19

advanced pairs and turn taking

Question 20

repeating - child directed speech

Answer 20

pronunciation

Question 20

Halliday’s functions

Answer 20

instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, representational, heuristic, imaginative

Question 20

instrumental (Halliday’s functions)

Answer 20

language used by the child to gain an essential need - instruments needed to live

Question 21

regulatory (Halliday’s functions)

Answer 21

attempt to control the actions of others, done by using imperatives or requesting something

Question 22

interactional (Halliday’s functions)

Answer 22

intention of this language is to develop relationships and understanding of social interaction

Question 22

personal (Halliday’s functions)

Answer 22

language which shows opinion or individual identity

Question 22

representational (Halliday’s functions)

Answer 22

exchanging or requesting information, can be done by repeating information which has just been given to the child

Question 23

heuristic (Halliday’s functions)

Answer 23

language used to try and learn something, may be through questions or talking to themselves during play

Question 23

imaginative (Halliday’s functions)

Answer 23

language used which shows fantasy, creation of their own ideas and worlds

Question 24

define phoneme

Answer 24

sound

Question 25

define substitution

Answer 25

child swaps a sound they struggle with for one they can produce

Question 26

define deletion

Answer 26

omit a sound they can’ produce, articulators aren’t fully formed

Question 27

define consonant cluster

Answer 27

two or more consonants together

Question 28

define overgeneralisation

Answer 28

take a grammatical rule a step too far - assume that same rule applies with every word

Question 29

when does the holophrastic stage (1 word stage) occur

Answer 29

occurs at 12-18 months

Question 40

what words are mostly used in holophrastic stage

Answer 40

nouns

Question 41

when does the two word stage occur

Answer 41

around 2 years old

Question 42

two word stage

Answer 42

begin to put words together, pronouns are rare

Question 43

when does the telegraphic stage occur

Answer 43

around 2-3 years old

Question 44

post telegraphic stage

Answer 44

beyond 3 words

Question 45

telegraphic stage

Answer 45

lack of function words - absence of prepositions, conjunctions, articles

Question 46

pre school years

Answer 46

dramatic change in language - use of compound/complex sentences, non fluency, conjunctions