Childhood malnutrition

Question 1

what is malnutrition?

Answer 1

in correct balance of nutrients

Question 2

what is acute malnutrition or wasting?

Answer 2

underweight for height

Question 2

what are the 4 types of undernutrition?

Answer 2

-acute malnutriotn or wasting
-chronic malnutrition or stunting
-underweight
-micronutrient deficiencies

Question 3

what is chronic malnutrition or stunting

Answer 3

short for age

Question 4

what is underweight

Answer 4

not quite malnutrition but underweight

Question 5

what is the most prevalent face of malnutrition?

Answer 5

stunting

Question 6

what is obesity?

Answer 6

chronic complex disease designed by excessive fat deposits that can impair health

Question 7

how do we measure obesity in under 5yrs?

Answer 7

overweight: weight for height >2 SD above median
obese: weight for height > 3 SD above median

Question 8

what are some additional clinical feature of obesity?

Answer 8

acanthosis nigricans (dry dark areas of skin seen in folds)
skin stirae
obstructive sleep apnoea
constipation
high BP

Question 8

what are obese children at a higher risk of?

Answer 8

asthma - more difficult to control
altered immunity
challenges in gut microbiome

Question 9

how does obesity affect the immune system?

Answer 9

fat and adipose tissue increases immune activation
-low grade chronic inflammation
-cytokines, macrophages, lymphocytes released from adipocytes
-(metabolic inflammation)
-association between childhood obesity and inflammatory conditions such as MS

Question 10

how is BP affected with obesity ?

Answer 10

-increased
-37% of hypertension in children linked to obesity
-storng association between childhood obesity and CV morbidity in adulthood
-reducing weight before puberty can eliminate risks

Question 11

how much sleep do 0-3 months need?

Answer 11

14-17 hours

Question 12

how much sleep do 4-11 months need?

Answer 12

12-16

Question 13

what is the reccomendations of exercise for infants?

Answer 13

30 mins tummy time
not to be restrained for more than an hour

Question 14

what are the physical activity recommendations for 1-4yr olds?

Answer 14

180 mins a day
5-7yrs - 60 mins

Question 15

what are some of the effects of childhood obesity?

Answer 15

-CVD
-impaired glucose tolerance/ type 2 DM
-phsychosocial problems/ stigmatisation
-malignancies
-orthopaedic problems

Question 16

what was the coalition government 2010 austerity linked to?

Answer 16

-increased food insecurity and food bank use
-greater increases in childhood obesity in areas with larger cuts to sure start funding
-increased hospital admissions for nutritional anaemia