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Musculoskeletal system > Childhood musculoskeletal conditions > Flashcards

Childhood musculoskeletal conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Radial head subluxation (nursemaid elbow): cause

A

Sudden pull on the arm -> immature annular ligament slips over head of radius

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2
Q

Radial head subluxation: other name?

A

Nursemaid elbow

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3
Q

Nursemaid elbow: other name?

A

Radial head subluxation

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4
Q

Radial head subluxation (Nursemaid elbow): most common in who?

A

Children <5 y/o

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5
Q

Radial head subluxation: how does the child hold its arm?

A

Injured arm held in slighty flexed and pronated position

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6
Q

Osgood-Schlatter Knee: other name?

A

Traction apophysitis

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7
Q

Traction apophysitis: other name?

A

Osgood-Schlatter knee

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8
Q

Osgood-Schlatter knee: presentation?

A

Overuse injury with progressive pain/swelling at the tibial tubercle

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9
Q

Osgood-Schlatter knee: cause?

A

Repetitive strain (spanning) and chronic avulsion (trekkracht) of the secondary ossification center of the proximal tibial tubercle

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10
Q

What is the tibial tubercle?

A

The bony bump where the patellar tendon attaches to the tibia (shinbone)

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11
Q

Osgood-Schlatter knee: in who?

A

Adolescents after growth spurt

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12
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome: what is it?

A

Overuse injury with anterior knee pain

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13
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome: in who?

A

Young, female athletes

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14
Q

Patellofemoral syndrome: what causes exacarbation?

A

Prolonged sitting or weight-bearing on a flexed knee

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15
Q

Pain after prolonged sitting or weight-bearing on a flexed knee: what can it be?

A

Patellofemoral syndrom

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16
Q

Progressive pain at tibial tubercle, what can it be?

A

Osgood-Schlatter knee

17
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip: what is it?

A

Abnormal acetabulum (hip socket) in newborns

18
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip: risk factor?

A

Breech presentation

19
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip: consequence?

A

Hip instability and dislocation

20
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip: how to test?

A

Barlow and ortolani (maneuvers cause a clunk)

Barlow: force it out
Ortolani: put it back in

21
Q

Development dysplasia of the hip: how to confirm diagnosis?

A

Ultrasound

X-ray not until 4-6 months because cartilage is not ossified

22
Q

Hip instability and displacement in newborns, what can it be?

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip: abnormal acetabulum

23
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes: what is it?

A

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of femoral head

24
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes: in who?

A

Children between 5-7 years, more common in males (4:1 ratio)

25
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes: presentation?

A

Insidious (gradual but harmful) onset of hip pain that may cause child to limp

26
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes: initial x-ray result?

A

Often normal

27
Q

Child (mostly male) between 5-7 y/o has gradual hip pain and start to limp, what can it be?

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes (avascular necrosis of femoral head)

28
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: in who?

A

Obese young adolescents

29
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: presentation?

A

Hip/knee pain and altered gait

30
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: pathophysiology?

A

Increased axial force on femoral head -> epiphysis displaces relative to femoral neck

(like a scoop of ice cream slipping of a cone)

31
Q

Obese young adult with hip/knee pain and altered gait, what can it be?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

32
Q

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: how to confirm diagnosis?

A

x-ray

33
Q

Greenstick fracture: what is it?

A

Incomplete fracture extending partway through the width of the bone

Bone bend like a green twig

34
Q

Greenstick fracture: cause?

A

Bending stress

35
Q

Greenstick fracture: which side fractured/intact?

A

Bending site fractured, compression side intact

36
Q

Torus fracture: cause

A

Axial force to immature bone

37
Q

Torues fracture: which side fractured/intact?

A

Cortex fractures on compression side

Musculoskeletal system (17 decks)

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