CHLORIDE

Question 1

Involved in maintaining _________, _________, __________
* ___________secondarily to a movement of Na+ or
HCO3 -ions

Answer 1

osmolality, blood volume, and
electric neutrality
Chloride shifts

Question 2

Chloride Ion
Functions

• _________________
• Act as rate-limiting component

*_______________
* Cl- diffuses into the red blood cell in exchange of
bicarbonate ions and sodium ions

Answer 2

Electrical Neutrality (Electroneutrality)
Chloride shift

Question 3

Chloride Ion
Physiology and Regulation

• Main source: _____________
• __________ and ________ (passive) in
  PCT
• Excess chloride is excreted in the ________ and ______
• Excessive sweating stimulate _________ secretion,
  → sweat glands (conserve sodium and chloride)

Answer 3

DIET → GI absorption
Kidney filtration and reabsorption
urine and sweat
aldosterone

Question 4

Chloride Ion
Clinical Significance

hypochloremia
__________ and _________

hyperchloremia
___________
__________
__________
____________

Answer 4

GI loss
Renal Tubular Acidosis

Prolonged vomiting
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Aldosterone deficiency
Salt losing nephropathy

Question 5

• an inherited disorder of exocrine glands
• defect in ______________________________

Answer 5

Cystic Fibrosis
cystic fibrosis transmembrane
conductance regulator protein (CFTR)

Question 6

Phases of Sweat Testing

• Sweat stimulation by _______________
• Collection of _________
• ____________analysis

Answer 6

pilocarpine iontophoresis
sweat
quantitative or qualitative analysis