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Prevention and Care Exam 2 > Chp. 13 Thorax And Abdomen / shoulder > Flashcards

Chp. 13 Thorax And Abdomen / shoulder Flashcards

0
Q

Connects ribs to sternum

A

Coastal cartilages

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1
Q

First 7 pair of ribs

A

Connect directly to sternum (8-10 false) 11-12 floating

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2
Q

Less mobile than lumbar and cervical spine

A

Thoracic

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3
Q

Great vessels of thoracic region

A

Thoracic aorta
Pulmonary artery and veins
Vena cava

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4
Q

Major structure of thoracic region

A

Heart and pericardium
Pleura and lungs
Trachea and esophagus

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5
Q

Contusion of rib

A

In bone or intercostal muscle

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6
Q

Fracture of rib

A

Rib cage or sternum (front side or back)

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7
Q

S & S of rib injuries

A

Point tender over area
Difficulty breathing and labored breathing (dyspnea)
Pain while breathing
Shallow breaths

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8
Q

Flail chest

A

Fracture two or more ribs in more than one place
Mobile segment
Paradoxical breathing

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9
Q

Pulmonary contusion

A

Bruised lungs
Hematoma in lung tissue
Blood I. Sputum (cough up blood)

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10
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Punctured lung

  • air in chest cavity
  • spontaneous or traumatic
  • life-threatening if not treated properly
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11
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A

2 degree to chronic infection or disease
Gradual weakening of lung tissue
Hyperventilation during strenuous exercise

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12
Q

Traumatic pneumothorax

A

Direct blow
Increased intra-thoracic pressure
2 degree to displaced rib fracture

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13
Q

Commotio cordis

A

Very rare direct blow to chest
Disrupt heart rythym
Can cause sudden cardiac arrest

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14
Q

Direct blow to chest (50J)

A

Precoridial region

  • during ascending T wave
  • repolarizing
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15
Q

Treatment of commotio cordis

A

AED

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16
Q

Major thing with commotio cordis

A

No physical damage to heart and very rare

No change in formation of heart

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17
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

A

Impairs cardiac output
Enlarged heart
Thickening if muscular wall

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18
Q

S&S of HCM

A 
Chest pain 
Dizziness
Feeling faint
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
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19
Q

Diff between HCM and CC

A

HCM causes physical change to heart (enlarge)

CC DOES NOT

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20
Q

Ventricular cardiac arrhythmia

A

Life threatening catastrophic

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21
Q

Atrial cardiac arrhythmia

A

Can be painful but sustainable

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22
Q

S&S of cardiac arrhythmia

A 
Chest pain
Dizziness
Faint feeling
Palpations
Shortness of breath
Racing heart because exercises
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23
Q

Electrical signaling

A

AV node signaling and impaired SA

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24
Q

SCA

A

Sudden cardiac arrest

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25
Q

Prevention of SCA

A

ECG

Ppe (can’t always pick it up)

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26
Q

Getting the wind knocked out of you

A

Blow to solar (celiac) plexus - diaphragm in spasm

Laryngeal muscles contract (breathing sounds)

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27
Q

Where does blow to solar plexus occur

A

Behind stomach below diaphragm

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28
Q

Dense cluster of neurons
Largest autonomic nerve center in abdominal cavity
Hormone secretion
Controls. Vital visceral functions

A

Celiac plexus

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29
Q

Which type of organs are ore likely to be injured, why?

A

Solid bc hollows bends and forms to force

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30
Q

Solid organs

A

Liver
Kidney
Spleen

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31
Q

What disease makes liver more vulnerable

A

Hepatitis

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32
Q

Kidney injuries

A

Heat stroke or dehydration

Hemuturia- dark urine

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33
Q

Spleen injuries

A

LUQ
Revs our for RBC
Immune and lymphatic systems

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34
Q

Most traumatized organ

A

Spleen

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35
Q

Kehrs sign (spleen)

A

Referred pain- pai. Perceived at a site unrelated to area of injury

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36
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Must be cleared by a physician to return to participation.

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37
Q

Job of spleen

A

Removes old damaged blood cells
Destroy bacteria
Reservoir for RBC

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38
Q

Acute appendicitis

A

Pain begins with around naval and progresses to mcburney point
Midway bw the umbilicus anterior superior illiac spine

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39
Q

Mcburney point

A

Extreme point tenderness (rebound tender)

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40
Q

Cecum

A

Where sm and lg intestine unite

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41
Q

S&S of intra abdominal injury

A

Vital signs

  • decrease in BP
  • increase HR
  • shock
  • rebound tenderness
  • rigid abdomen
  • referred pain
  • nausea and vomiting
  • Hemuturia (indicated trauma to kidney)
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42
Q

Lower extremity.

A

Weight bearing
Hip more stable less stable than shoulder
Legs are used primarily for locomotion
Foot absorbs loads and propels body during locomotion

43
Q

Upper. Extremity

A

Typical non weight bearing
Shoulder is more mobile less stable
Arm is used for reaching
Hand is used for grasping objects.

44
Q

Major MOI for shoulder related injuries

A

AC/SC joint and clavicle

45
Q

Glenohumeral joint injuries

A

Extremely mobile and inherently unstable

MOST MOBILE

46
Q

Ball n socket joint

A

Rotation (angular and spin)
Translation (glide)
Coupled motion
Dynamic and static

47
Q

Con cavity of ghj

A

Glenoid and labrum.

48
Q

Compression GHJ

A

Ligament and rotator cuff pull

49
Q

Glenoid has _______ the articular surface as

A

1/4th of humoral head

50
Q

Proper shoulder function is dependent on

A

Maintaining humoral head centered within the Glenoid fossa

51
Q

Why does scapula need to remain in proper position

A

Fatigue muscles around scapula can effect congruency

Scapula must position and reposito. To maintain stability

52
Q

Sprain of ligament

A

Ligament damage with out displacement

53
Q

Dislocation and subluxation.

A

Ligament and labral damage causing displacement

54
Q

Anterior capsulo ligament disruption.

A

Abduction/ER with ext. ***MOST COMMON

55
Q

Posterior capsule ligament disruption

A

Fall on outstretched arm

56
Q

Inferior capsule ligament disruption

A

Distraction force (least common)

57
Q

capsule ligament disruption chronic on acute

A
  • joint becomes unstable (giving out sensation)
  • 85-90% of injuries tend to recur
  • repeated dislocations/subluxation.
  • add. Micro trauma to joint
  • auxiliary nerve contusion
58
Q

Two types where labrum tears

A

Bank art lesion

SLAP lesion

59
Q

Anterior dislocation

A

Position
- abduction
- external rotation
With force into horizontal extension and ER

60
Q

Treatment if capsule ligament disruption

A

Immediate- PRICE (sling and swathe bandage)

Check for sensation (BF)

61
Q

Special tests for capsule ligament disruption

A 
Stress tests (joint stability and subjective feel) 
Apprehension and relocation
62
Q

Manual laxity test

A

Not valid or reliable but used common (AP DRAWER)

63
Q

Bankart Lesions

A

Occurs with dislocation

64
Q

SLAP Lesion

A

Superior labrum anterior to posterior

Throwing related or overhead activity

65
Q

SLAP MOI

A

Pull of biceps tendon or peel back

66
Q

Tendon related injuries

A 
Rotator cuff (commo. Tendon)
Impingement
67
Q

Rotator cuff strain

A

Most affect supraspinatus

68
Q

MOI: acute rotator cuff

A

-eccentric loading causing MACROTRAUMA

69
Q

MOI: chronic rotator cuff

A 
Over use with throwing 
Eccentric loading causing Microtrauma 
- tensile forces during deceleration of arm adder throwing (follow through)
- breaking force on arm
- ** MORE COMMON
70
Q

Difference of acute and chronic rotator cuff

A

Chronic- Microtrauma more common

Acute- macro trauma

71
Q

Middle of third tendon.

- hypo vascular zone

A

Most injuries occurs here and healing delayed because reduced BF

72
Q

Impingement

A

Tendon is squeezed bw coraco-acromial arch and humeral head
Overhead activity decreases sub acromial space
Dynamic stability

73
Q

What limits dynamic stability of tendon

A

Fatigue of RC muscles during activity

74
Q

Strain occurs at

A

To eccentric loading (tensile)

75
Q

Impingement what kind of force

A

Compression and shear force

76
Q

Strain and impingement both occur during

A

Micro trauma to tendon

77
Q

S&S of rotator cuff

A 
Point tenderness over tendon 
Painful arc or pain during abduction
Limited ROM and stiffness 
Strength loss weakness (drop arm test)
- persistent dull aching pain
- nocturnal loan (wakes in sleep
78
Q

4 tests for pain and weakness

A

Painful arc
Drop arm
Neer sign
Empty/full can

79
Q

Treatment of shoulder

A

Stretching (shoulder girdle)

Strengthening (light weight with high repetition)

80
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome also known as

A

Crowded house

81
Q

Overhead activity in thoracic outlet system

A

overuse

  • lifting weights
  • occupational lifting: overdeveloped or tight neck or shoulder msucles
  • typing
82
Q

compression of nerves thoracic outlet

A

(brachial plexus) and blood vessel (subclavian artery) at neck/shoulder region

83
Q

three levels of compression in thoracic outlet system

A

scalene muscle- bw anterior and middle

  • 1st rib and clavicle (costaclavicular syndrome)
  • pectoralis minor muscle
84
Q

S&S of thoracic outlet

A
  • numbness and tingling into hands during repetitive overhead activity
  • management
      • stretching program of neck and shoulder girdle muscles
85
Q

What is the best choice test for upper limb tension

A

adson test bc reproduces symptoms well

86
Q

what is adson test

A
  • vascular
  • check pulse and if pulse changes in pulse
  • strength, rythm, rate
  • arm up at 90 degree
87
Q

Roos test

A

vascular, not as good bc does not reproduce symptoms

88
Q

self stretch

A

postural retraining

  • stretching and flexibility training
    • – e.g. pectoralis minor
  • strengthening muscles that aid in good posture
89
Q

2 bones of pectoral girdle

A

clavicle and scapula

90
Q

articulations of shoulder

A

scapulothoracic (ST)
glenohumeral (GH)
acromioclavicular (AC)
sternoclavicular (SC)

91
Q

shoulder girdle and GH joint must

A

move together

92
Q

sagittal

A

flex/ext

93
Q

frontal

A

ab/adduct

94
Q

transverse

A

internal/external rot.
horiz. ab/adduct
circumduct

95
Q

most common fracture region of shoulder

A

clavicle

96
Q

1st degree AC joint injury

A

no significant damage

–> no separation

97
Q

2nd degree AC joint injury

A

partial tearing of AC lig

–> slight sep.

98
Q

3rd degree AC joint injury

A

complete tear/sep

- snap or pop felt with deformity

99
Q

S&S of AC injury

A
  • mild swelling associated with point tenderness
  • any movement painful
  • scapula droops down
  • weakness during arm move
  • reach across pain
  • obvious deformity
100
Q

management of AC joint injury

A

sling/swathe

  • referral for xray
  • figure of 8
101
Q

GH joint

A

extremely mobile but very unstable

-superior, middle, inferior, and poster GH lig

102
Q

GH functional anatomy

A

ball and socket - bony config.

capsulo- stabilize/guide movment

103
Q

concavity of GH

A

glenoid and labrum

104
Q

compression GH

A

ligament and RC pull

Prevention and Care Exam 2 (4 decks)

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