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Anatomy unit 1 Test > Chp 6 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chp 6 Integumentary System Flashcards

0
Q

Integument

A

Skin covering the body

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1
Q

The integumentary system consists of what 4 things

A

Nails, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil glands

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2
Q

What’s the largest organ in the body

A

The Integument

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3
Q

The Integument is composed of what tissue types

A

All tissue types

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4
Q

What are the two distinct layers of Integument

A

Epidermis - top layer

Dermis - deeper layer

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5
Q

Epidermis consists of what kind of tissue at upper layers

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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6
Q

What are the five layers of the epidermis

A 
stratum basale 
stratum spinosum 
stratum granulosum 
stratum lucidum 
stratum corneum
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7
Q

Most superficial two layers contain?

A

Dead keratinocytes

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8
Q

Stratum basale is the

A

Deepest epidermal layer

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9
Q

Stratum basale is attached to

A

Basement membrane

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10
Q

Stratum basale contains what three cell types

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
tactile cells

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11
Q

Karitinocytes

A

Most abundant cells in epidermis

Found in all layers

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12
Q

What is the purpose of Karitinocytes in stratum basale

A

Divide and replace old cells at the surface

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13
Q

Characteristics of melanocytes

A

Spider-shaped epithelial cells.

Produce the pigment (melanin) in response to ultraviolet light

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14
Q

Tactile cells

A

Sensitive to touch

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15
Q

Keratinocytes in stratum spinosum

A

–Nondividing keratinocytes

attached by desmosomes.

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16
Q

Epidermal dendritic cells present in

A

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosome

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17
Q

Epidermal dendritic cells are

A

Immune cells

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18
Q

Keratinization begins in what stratum

A

Stratum granulosome

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19
Q

Keritinization

A

process where keratinocytes fill with keratin

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20
Q

Stratum lucidum is also known as

A

Clear layer

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21
Q

Stratum lucidum is found

A

Found only on thick skin within the palms and soles

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22
Q

Stratum lucidum filled with what protein

A

eleidin

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23
Q

Characteristics of stratum corneum

A

cells are anucleate (without a nucleus) and tightly packed

Most superficial layer

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24
Q

Thick skin is found where

A

on the palms of hands, soles of feet, and surfaces of fingers and toes

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25
Q

3 Characteristics of thick skin

A

has all five layers of epidermal strata

has sweat glands

has no hair follicles or sebaceous glands

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26
Q

2 Characteristics of thin skin

A

lacks a stratum lucidum

has sweat glands, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands

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27
Q

Hemoglobin

A

An oxygen binding compound in red blood cells

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28
Q

What gives blood vessels in dermis the reddish tint

A

Hemoglobin

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29
Q

Where is carotene found

A

Accumulates inside subcutaneous fat and keratinocytes of stratum corneum

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30
Q

What vitamin does carotene turn into

A

Vitamin A

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31
Q

Nevus is commonly called

A

Mole

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32
Q

What is a nevus

A

Harmless overgrowth of melanin forming cells

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33
Q

Hemangioma

A

–Skin discoloration due to blood vessels form a benign tumor

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34
Q

Capillary hemangiomas

A

usually present at birth and disappear in childhood

35
Q

2 Characteristics of Cavernous hemangiomas

A

Involve larger dermal blood vessels

may last a lifetime

36
Q

Friction ridges

A

Complex arches and whorls on ingers, palms, soles, and toes

37
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis, starting from the surface of the skin?

A 
stratum corneum 
stratum lucidum 
stratum granulosum 
stratum spinosum 
stratum basale
38
Q

Which type of skin lacks a stratum lucidum and is found covering most of the body?

A

Thin skin

39
Q

What type of tissue is the dermis composed of

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

What are the two layers of dermis

A

Divided into the: • papillary layer and •deeper reticular layer

41
Q

Dermis contains what 7 things

A 
Blood vessels, 
sweat glands 
sebaceous glands 
Hair follicles, 
nail roots, 
sensory nerve endings, 
arrector pili muscles.
42
Q

What kind of dendritic cell does the dermis have, what does it do?

A

Motile dendritic cells serving an immune function

43
Q

3 characteristics of papillary layer of the dermis

A

Superficial region of the dermis
Directly adjacent to epidermis
Composed of areolar connective tissue

44
Q

Reticular layer of the dermis, where?

A

Deeper, major portion of he dermis

45
Q

Reticular layer consists of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

46
Q

Sensory nerve fibers detect?

A

detect pressure, vibration, and cold

47
Q

Motor nerve fibers control?

A

control blood flow and gland secretions

48
Q

The dermal papillae are a part of what layer of the skin?

A

Papillary layer

49
Q

Should a surgeon generally cut perpendicular or parallel to cleavage lines?

A

Parallel (to reduce gaping and heal more quickly)

50
Q

Subcutaneous layer is where

A

Deep to the dermis

51
Q

Subcutaneous layer composed of what two connective tissues

A

Layer of areolar and adipose connective tissue

52
Q

2 characteristics of subcutaneous layer

A

Not part of the integumentary system

Pads and protects the body

53
Q

2 functional Purposes of subcutaneous layer

A

Acts as energy reservoir

Provides thermal insulation

54
Q

What are the three types of hair

A

Lanugo

Vellus

Terminal hair

55
Q

Lanugo characteristics

A

fine, unpigmented, downy hair appears in last trimester

56
Q

Vellus replaces?

A

replaces lanugo at birth.

57
Q

Terminal hair where is it found

A

on scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, men’s beards

58
Q

What, when, and where does terminal hair replace

A

during puberty replaces vellus hair in axillary and pubic regions

59
Q

Hair matrix

A

structure at the base of the hair bulb

60
Q

Medulla

A

Inner layer of hair

61
Q

Cortex

A

Middle layer of hair

62
Q

Cuticle

A

single layer of overlapping cells around cortex which coats the hair.

63
Q

5 functions of hair

A

Protection

Heat retention

Sensory reception

Visual identification

Chemical signal dispersal

64
Q

What are the three portions of a hair?

A

Hair bulb, heart root, hair shaft

65
Q

Two most common exocrine glands

A

sweat glands

sebaceous (oil) glands

66
Q

Most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands

A

Merocrine (Eccrine) sweat glands

67
Q

What is the major function of Merocrine (Eccrine) sweat glands

A

Thermoregulation

68
Q

Where do Apocrine sweat glands discharge their secretions

A

Into hair follicle

69
Q

Where are Apocrine sweat glands found

A

Found in axillae, around nipples, in pubic and anal region

70
Q

Sebaceous glands produce

A

Oily secretion called sebum

71
Q

Ceruminous glands secrete

A

Waterproof earwax, cerumen

72
Q

What does cerumen help with

A

help trap foreign material

help lubricate acoustic meatus and eardrum

73
Q

What are the two modified apocrine sweat glands

A

Ceruminous glands

Mammary glands

74
Q

Sudoiferous glands

A

Sweat glands

75
Q

What are the two types of sudoiferous glands

A

Merocrine

Apocrine

76
Q

Fibrosis

A

gap filled with scar tissue

77
Q

The ABCDE rule is for

A

Melanoma identification

78
Q

The ABCDE rule stands for

A

Asymmetry

Border

Color

Diameter

Evolution

79
Q

These lines of scar tissue are formed from excess stretching of the skin

A

Striae

80
Q

These folds shape the epidermis into fingerprints

A

Dermal papillae

81
Q

This layer contains blood vessels that nourish the epidermis, remove wastes and regulate body temperature

A

Papillary layer

82
Q

Near birth, the hair on the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced with

A

Terminal hair

83
Q

The nail is produced mostly by

A

Nail matrix

84
Q

This white crescent shaped area is seen at the base of the nail

A

Lunula

85
Q

After the resting stage of hair growth, the hair

A

Falls out

Anatomy unit 1 Test (3 decks)

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