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Periodontology > Chps 1-4 > Flashcards

Chps 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

provides insights into dental diseases that existed before there were written records

A

anthropology

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2
Q

First person to describe a dentifrice

A

hippocrates

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3
Q

an early term used to describe any destructive or degenerative disease of the periodontium

A

periodontoclasia

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4
Q

Earliest known toothbrushes

A

fiber sticks

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5
Q

Father of dentistry

A

Pierre Fauchard

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6
Q

First dental school

A

balitmore

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7
Q

pyorrhea is

A

another name for periodontal disease

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8
Q

Dental hygiene became a profession in

A

1913

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9
Q

Founder of dental hygiene

A

alfred c. fones

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10
Q

oral prophylaxis

A

cleaning of teeth

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11
Q

Credited with publicly describing treatment for gingivitis

A

john riggs

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12
Q

absorption of bon (scurvy of gums)

A

periodontitis

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13
Q

occlusal relationship and perio

A

occlusal relationship contributes to periodontitis but does not cause it

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14
Q

preceptor

A

clinician-teacher

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15
Q

who combined science and technological arts in dentistry, not merely prostheses

A

stillman

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16
Q

first state to regulate dental hygiene practice

A

coneticutt

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17
Q

the science of periodontics

A

periodontology

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18
Q

who was the first individual to recognize the relationship between tooth loss and calculus?

A

Albucasis

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19
Q

periodontal lesions are characterized by all of the following except one. which one is the exception?

A

pockets

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20
Q

there is growing concern about the increase in population and the need for health care for all. this has resulted in a decrease in the number of dental hygiene program in the united states.
the first statement is ____ the second statement is ____

A

the first statement is true, the second statement if false

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21
Q

the first dentist to practice in the united states was

A

never determined

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22
Q

dental hygienists are now able to provide a broader array of patient care services, including expanded duties in many states, because the profession of dental hygiene has grown and expanded its scope of practice over the decades.

A

both the statement and the reason are correct and related

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23
Q

the American dental hygienists’ association was first established for dental hygienists. it has helped define the roles of the dental hygienist in dentistry
true or false?

A

both statements are true

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24
Q

which early periodontist was an advocate for avoiding placing restorations subgingivally?

A

Ramfjord

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25
Q

the first school of dental hygiene was established in Bridgeport, Connecticut, in what year?
1913

A

1913

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26
Q

expanded-duty dental hygiene skills

A

the performance by a dental hygienist of skills such as local anesthesia administration, placement and carving of amalgam restorations, placement and finishing of composite restorations, placement and removal of periodontal sutures and periodontal packs, and gingival curettage

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27
Q

Periodontium is made up of

A

gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolar bone

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28
Q

Gingiva is distinguished from the oral mucosa at the?

A

mucogingival junction

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29
Q

This line indicates transition from attached gingiva to unattached gingiva

A

mucogingival junction

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30
Q

Portion of gingiva that extends coronally from the mucogingival junction

A

attached gingiva

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31
Q

What is the minimum width of the attached gingiva required for periodontal health

A

no min

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32
Q

Where is attached gingiva thinner

A

posterior regions

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33
Q

T/F The palatal attached gingiva blends into the palatal gingiva without demarcation

A

true

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34
Q

Most keratinized

A

palatal

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35
Q

Least keratinized

A

cheek

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36
Q

edge of gingiva next to the teeth

A

gingival margin

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37
Q

gingival margin in fully erupted healthy teeth is ___ mm to ___ mm to the CEJ of teeth

A

0.5mm - 2mm

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38
Q

Surrounds the tooth and creates a cuff or collar of gingiva extending coronally about 1.5mm

A

free gingiva

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39
Q

what separates the free ginigiva from attached

A

free gingival groove

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40
Q

Papillae are

A

gingivae that fill embrasures

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41
Q

What are proximal spaces created below the contact areas of the teeth

A

embrasure

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42
Q

other name for embrasures

A

interdental gingiva

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43
Q

slight depression of nonkeratinized gingiva between buccal and lingual interdental papillae

A

col

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44
Q

T/F the col is usually not present between anterior teeth

A

true

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45
Q

T/F col is usually not found when adjacent teeth do not touch each other

A

true

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46
Q

gingival epithelium is joined to the underlying connective tissue by a

A

basal lamina

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47
Q

Ridges of epithelium are called

A

rete pegs

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48
Q

The process of keratinization occurs as

A

the keratinocyte migrates from the basal layer to the surface

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49
Q

when the epithelium shows signs of being keratinized, but the superficial cells still have their nuclei

A

parakeratinized

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50
Q

langerhan cells system?

A

phagocytic system

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51
Q

Merkel cell system

A

tactile sensitivity- contain nerve endings

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52
Q

Outer gingival epithelium is also known as

A

oral epithelium

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53
Q

what makes up oral epithelium?

A

attached gingiva, papillae, and outer surface of the free gingiva

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54
Q

oral epitheliums function and keratinization

A

protective and parakeratinized

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55
Q

sulcular epithelium

A

thin nonkeratinized/parakeratinized

from outer epithelium into the gingival sulcus

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56
Q

sings of a healthy sulcus

A

smooth/intact no rete pegs

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57
Q

junctional epithelium seperates

A

pdl from oral environment

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58
Q

Connective tissue beneath the gingiva

A

lamina propria

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59
Q

Layers of lamina propria

A

Papillary and recticular

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60
Q

Fiber bundles are known as the

A

gingival ligament

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61
Q

Fiber group that goes from cementum to free and attached gingiva

A

dentogingival group

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62
Q

Fiber group that goes from periosteum into the attached gingiva

A

alveologingival group

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63
Q

Fiber group that goes from cementum (CEJ) to alveolar crest

A

dentoperiosteal group

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64
Q

Fiber group that encircles entire tooth coronally to alveolar crest

A

circular group

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65
Q

Fiber group that spans interdental space, ends are in cementum

A

transseptal

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66
Q

Fiber group that goes from periosteum of alveolar bone and spread into connective tissue

A

periostogingival

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67
Q

Fiber group found in papillae coronal to transsepetal fiber bundles

A

Interpapillary

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68
Q

Fiber group formed between teeth coronal to cementoenamel junction

A

transgingival

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69
Q

Fiber group that runs from distal, facial and lingual surfaces of one tooth around adjacent tooth and insert on mesial surface of tooth beyond adjacent tooth

A

Intercircular

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70
Q

Fiber group that go from the mesial surface to distal surface of the same tooth

A

semicircular

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71
Q

Fiber group that runs mesiodistally in connective tissue immediately beneath gingival epithelium

A

intergingival

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72
Q

Functions of PDL

A 
anchorage 
fibrous tissue development
calcified tissue development
nutrative and metabolite 
sensory functions
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73
Q

Principal fiber bundles are attached to the cementum with brush like fibers called?

A

sharpeys fibers

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74
Q

Is normal tooth movement and is probably the result of wear of proximal and occlusal tooth surfaces

A

physiological mesial migration

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75
Q

migration occurs throughout life in both mesial and occlusal directions

A

physiological migration

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76
Q

support system for the teeth

A

alveolar process

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77
Q

Alveolar crest fiber group runs from and does what?

A

cementum to CEJ.

Opposes lateral forces

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78
Q

Horizontal fiber group runs from and does what?

A

Across PDL space

Attaches root surface to alveolar bone

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79
Q

Oblique fiber group runs from and does what?

A

Oblique direction across PDL into alveolar bone
largest group
supports against occlusal stress

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80
Q

Apical fiber group runs from and does what?

A

Apex of root into bone
Suspensory
Is not in erupting teeth

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81
Q

Interradicular fiber group runs from and does what?

A

Apically from furcation
Suspensory and protection
Only in multirooted teeth

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82
Q

Walls of alveolar bony sockets are called

A

Lamina dura

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83
Q

Alveoli

A

tooth sockets

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84
Q

Dehiscence

A

Reabsorbed area of bone over the facial surface of the root (occurs in patients with labially inclined roots)

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85
Q

Fenestrations

A

Opening or window in the bone covering the facial surface of roots

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86
Q

Attachment apparatus

A

pdl cementum alveolar bone

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87
Q

T/F? The window of the bone in healthy bone structures covering the surface of the root is called dehisence. The dehisence is a structure in periodontal disease.

A

Both are false

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88
Q

Cells attracted to areas of the body by stimuli as microbial influence or tramua are referred to as?

A

Chemotactic cells

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89
Q

What happens to connective tissue and PDL with age

A

CT- becomes more dense and coarse

PDL- Fewer cells more irregular structure

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90
Q

Called host response.

A

Immune system

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91
Q

Study of immune system and host response

A

immunology

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92
Q

Inflammatory cells are attracted to areas of the body by stimuli such as trauma or microbial influences; this signaling process is known as

A

Chemotaxis

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93
Q

Chemotaxis cells

A

polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN or neutrophil), macrophages lymphocytes and plasma cells

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94
Q

T/F In periodontal disease the inflammatory cells are attracted to gingiva, connective tissue, PDL, and bone

A

true

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95
Q

Phagocytize

A

ingest and neutralize bacteria

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96
Q

Lysis

A

cell disintegration

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97
Q

Foreign molecules

A

antigens

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98
Q

macrophages

A

take up antigens and present them to lymphocytes for destruction

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99
Q

Three types of lymphocytic cells

A

T, B, NK

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100
Q

PMNs are also called

A

Neutrophils

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101
Q

PMNs make up about ___ amount of circulating leukocytes

A

70%

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102
Q

PMNs contain

A

granules that are filled with enzymes (collagenase and elastase)

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103
Q

T/f Abnormalities in PMNs can lead to more severe periodontal disease if the cells are unable to preform their functions or lack specific granules

A

true

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104
Q

What do PMNs secrete

A

collagenase

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105
Q

Why are mast cells important

A

They mediate inflammatory response. Stimulation results in increased vascular permeability which advances the inflammatory response

106
Q

How are Macrophages destructive?

A

They produce enzymes that may lead to collagen destruction

107
Q

Cytokine cells

A

basophils eosinophils and platelets

108
Q

Effector molecules

A

eliminate foreign molecules ( antibodies, compliment, and cytokines)

109
Q

Antibodies are also known as

A

immunoglobulins make up about 20% of serum

110
Q

Complement is

A

made up of proteins and glycoproteins, account for 5% of serum

111
Q

___ are substances produced by the stimulated immune system

A

cytokines

112
Q

Types of hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type 1- anaphylaxis
Type 2- cytotoxic
Type 3- immune complex
Type 4- delayed cell mediated

113
Q

When does gingival sulcular fluid increase

A

ginigiva inflammed
and normal function- mastication of coarse foods, toothbrushing, increased female hormone, smoking and after perio surgery

114
Q

T/F saliva contains organic elements that can cause destruction

A

True

115
Q

Antibiotic Tetracycline

A

is concentrated in the gingival fluid at higher rate than circulating in the blood stream

116
Q 
Inflammatory cells perform all of the following functions except one 
lyse cells
phagocytize bacteria 
remove damaged tissue 
reduce osteoclastic activity
A

reduce osteoclastic activity

117
Q

T/F

B lymphocytes come from the liver, spleen and bone marrow. B lymphocytes are important in the antigen antibody response

A

first statement is true

second is false

118
Q

The term probing depth is more accurate than the term sulcus depth for the clinician because the latter term is for histologic description only

A

statement is correct

reason is false

119
Q

The PDL fiber group that runs from the cementum to the crestal bone is termed?

A

alveolar crest

120
Q

The presence of gingival fluid will increase

A

with inflammation

121
Q

Is the study of health and disease and associated factors in human population

A

epidemiology

122
Q

Epidemiology includes how the states of health and disease are influenced by

A

hereditary
biology
environment
personal behavior

123
Q

Epidemiology measures disease in several ways

A

Prevalence
Incidence (rate of occurrence)
Severity
Risk factors

124
Q

How does epidemiological research differ from clinical

A

epidemiological research- groups of people

Clinical- single people

125
Q

T/F prevalence of a disease in a population is not sufficient enough for studies

A

True also need incidence, severity and risk factors

126
Q

Types of designs in epidemiological research used

A

cross sectional
cohort
case-controls

127
Q

Cross sectional studies do?

A

asses the absence of disease

128
Q

Cohort studies?

A

examines populations over time

129
Q

Case-control studies do?

A

compares individuals with and without the disease

130
Q

Indexes or indicies

A

are used to examine clinical characteristics of disease

131
Q

Periodontal disease can be characterized as

A

probe depths greater than 4mm in at least one site in the the mouth
having one or more probe depths of 7mm
having the gingival tissue bleed when probed in one or more sites

132
Q

What are examiners called when they are trained to apply the indices to members of a population

A

calibrated or standardized

133
Q

When a sample is applied to a much larger population it is called

A

a generalization

134
Q

Plaque Index of Silness and Loe

A

Places the most significance on the amount of plaque at the gingival margin

135
Q

Simplified oral health index

A

Has a Debris index and a calculus index

136
Q

What teeth are scored for the simplified oral health index

A

6 teeth-
buccal of maxillary first molar
lingual of mandibular first molar
labial of max/mand left central incisors

137
Q

Volpe manhold index

A

measures only supra calculus

138
Q

Gingival index of loe and silness

A

evaluation of the four sides of the sulcus

139
Q

Sulcus bleeding index

A

is a measure of bleeding on probing

140
Q

Russels periodontal index

A

numeric score of each tooth added and averaged is weighted more towards bone loss

141
Q

gingival fluid flow Index

A

Index is primarily used in periodontal research studies to identify early inflammation

142
Q

Periodontal screening and recording

A

Allows clinicians to identify which patients need a full examination (screening)

143
Q

Miller Index of tooth mobility

A

Two metal instruments on each side of the tooth facial and lingual

144
Q

NHANES-III

A

National health and nutrition examination study

series of studies designed to characterize the health and nutrition status of the US

145
Q

Gingivitis was commonly found in

A

Mexican american males

146
Q

Perio in adults NHANES percentage

A

8.52%

147
Q

Perio Risk factors and other determinants

A

Gender
Socioeconomic factors
Tobacco
Systemic

148
Q

what is the reported percentage of the U.S. adult population that suffers from severe periodontal disease?
5% to 20%?

A

5% to 20%

149
Q

epidemiologic studies have shown that periodontal disease is present in a significant portion of the older population. they have also shown that the percentage of the population with periodontal disease decreases with age T/F

A

the first statement is true, and the second statement is false

150
Q 
all of the following are associated with a greater incidence of periodontal disease except one. which one is the exception?
race
smoking 
coffee drinking 
economic status
A

coffee drinking

151
Q

periodontal disease is associated with a systemic disease because it has never been demonstrated through epidemiological research studies T/F

A

the statement is correct, but the reason is not correct

152
Q

indices of periodontal disease can measure all of the following conditions except one. which one is the exception?

A

cause of disease

153
Q

the most commonly used index for measuring gingival disease or bleeding is the

A

GI of Loe and Silness

154
Q

all of the following statements about smoking and smokers are true except one. which one is the exception?

A

smoking increases bleeding in periodontal disease

155
Q

evidence from large studies on oral health has shown a decrease in the prevalence of gingivitis in the united states. this decrease is suggested to be a result of fluoridation, a more educated population, and more available dental care

A

neither the statement nor the reason is correct

156
Q

Dental plaque biofilms

A

are accumulations of microbes on the teeth

157
Q

material alba

A

loosely adherent bacteria and tissue debris easily removed by a water spray

158
Q

bioflim is a complex of microorganism bound in

A

glycoclyx

159
Q

glycoclyx is made up of

A

sticky polysaccharide matrix they produce

160
Q

The complex biofilm does what

A

exchange nutrients, protection from intruders, drugs and rinses)

161
Q

Is plaque a random accumulation

A

no they are complex

162
Q

Morphotypes

A

Cocci- round
Bacilli- rod
Spirochetes- spiral

163
Q

what color are gram positive and gram negative when stained

A

positive purple

negative red

164
Q

Layers of gram positive

A

Capsule
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasmic membrane
Bacterial cytoplasm

165
Q

Gram negative layers

A 
Capsule 
outer membrane (LPS) (Receptor) 
Periplasmic space 
Peptidoglycan
Cytoplasmic membrane
166
Q

What causes gram positive and gram negative to stick

A

positive has glycocalyx

negative has Lipopolysaccharides LPS

167
Q

Lipopolysaccharides LPS

A

also known as endotoxins
released from gram negative when the cell wall is disturbed
Highly potent, can damage host

168
Q

Do vesicles also contain LPS

A

yes

169
Q

Most bacteria found in periodontal disease is gram positive or negative

A

gram negative

170
Q

___ are small proteins that are attached to the external surface of gram negative and positive bacteria

A

fimbriae or pili

171
Q

KNOW-
bacteria that require oxygen
bacteria that do not require oxygen

A

aerobic need

anaerobic NO

172
Q

What bacteria is both aerobic and anaerobic

A

facultative anaerobic

173
Q

bacteria of the tongue

A

gram positive streptococcus family

streptococcus salivarius

174
Q

LPS are also known as

A

Endotoxins

175
Q

When are LPS (endotoxins) released

A

When the cell wall is disrupted

176
Q

Gram negative bacteria associated with bad breath and periodontal disease

A

Porphyromonas gingivalis

177
Q

Specific plaque hypothesis

A

Microorganism differ as plaque ages
Disease is site specific
limited number of pathogens responsible
quantity of plaque not significant

178
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (AA)
Cap och
Eik corro

Porphyromonas gingivalis 
Prevotella intermedia 
Tanfor 
Fusobacterium 
Leptotrichia
179
Q

Gram positive bacteria

A

Actinomyces
Streptococcus
Facultative
Lactobacillus

180
Q

Patients with chronic perio have higher proportions of

A

gram negative anaerobic rods

spirochetes

181
Q

Does toothbrushing remove the pellicle

A

No, only polishing

182
Q

Does all bacteria in saliva attach to the pellicle

A

No only those with binding sites

183
Q

Red complex
Orange complex
have been characterized as

A

having late colonizers that reside in the biofilm closest to the soft tissue lining

184
Q

S salivarius is found

A

Tongue and saliva

Low on teeth

185
Q

Initial plaque biofilm that forms the pellicle

A

Gram positive, Coccal, facultative anaerobic, largely streptococci

186
Q

Material in the plaque between the bacteria is?

A

Is called the Inter microbial matrix, made up of salivary material, gingivalis exudate, and polysaccharides

187
Q 
S bacteria have the capability to do?
S mutants 
S sanguis 
Strep Mitis 
S salivarius
A

Make extracellular polysaccharides- serve as energy source for bacteria

188
Q

Inter bacterial coaggregation

A

May be the Only means by which organism adhere to plaque

189
Q

Early colonizers coaggregate with

A

Streptococci and actinomyces

190
Q

NUG and NUP are characterized by

A

necrotic ulcerative lesions
severe pain
rapid loss of supporting structure
halitosis

191
Q

Microbial succession

A

Aging and changing composition of plaque

192
Q

Progression of plaque

A

Streptococci
Actinomyces/ veillonella
Spirochetes (neg)

193
Q

Most important difference between immature and mature plaque

A

Maturation allows supragingival plaque to invade the sun ging space

194
Q

Virulence is related to three factors

A

proximity to tissue
ability to evade host defenses
ability to destroy tissue

195
Q

Does sub gingival bacteria have a particular orientation

A

No

196
Q

Nonspecific plaque hypothesis

A

Belief that all plaque was a homogeneous bacterial mass and all plaque have the equal potential to cause disease

197
Q

How does bacterial interactions affect bacteria growth

A

are important for colonization and availability of nutrients

198
Q

Bacteria strategies to overcome self defense

A

some have enzymes (protease) that degrade host immune system proteins
AA has luekotoxins that kill PMNs
P gingivalis releases factor that interferes with PMN movement

199
Q

Bacteria found sub G in early stages of biofilm formation

A

Most bacteria are gram-positive organisms and Faculatative anaerobic species

200
Q

What is the predominant Morphotype type

A

Cocci

201
Q

What bacteria is gram-positive facultative with anaerobic rods and filamentous forms

A

Actinomyces

202
Q

Glucan vs fructans

A

glucan- polymer

fructans- energy source

203
Q

What model was used to describe changes that occur when dental plaque accumulated around the margin

A

model of loe

204
Q

Non specific plaque hypothesis

A

homogenous plaque
all microorganisms in plaque have pathogenic potential
inflammation related to age

205
Q

Specific plaque hypothesis

A

Microorganism differ as plaque ages
Disease is site specific
limited number of pathogens responsible
quantity of plaque not significant

206
Q

Microbial components that act as antigens causing inflammation

A

Lipopollysaccharides from P. Gingivalis
prostaglandins E2, interlukin 1B
c-reactive proteins from macrophages and fibroblasts

207
Q

T/F periodontal microbiota differs significantly from patients and pockets

A

True

208
Q

Patients with chronic perio have higher proportions of

A

gram negative anaerobic rods

spirochetes

209
Q

Bacteria in periodontitis

A

p. gingivalis

210
Q

Groups of bacteria in periodontitis

A

Red complex

Orange complex

211
Q

Red complex
Orange complex
have been characterized as

A

having late colonizers that reside in the biofilm closest to the soft tissue lining

212
Q

Red complex bacteria?

A

P gingivalis
Tannerella Forsythensis
Treponema denticola

213
Q

Which complex is contribute to pathogenesis but are considered less virulent in periodontal disease

A

The orange complex

214
Q

Orange complex bacteria

A 
Campylobacter
P. Intermedia 
F. Nucleatum 
Eubacterium 
Peptostreptococcus
215
Q

Earlier colonizers that reside deeper in the biofilm

A

Yellow
green
blue
purple

216
Q

LAP

A

Localized agressive perio

usually around incisors and first molars in healthy children/teenagers

217
Q

What bacteria are found with LAP

A 
gram negative rods 
A. naeslundii
F. Nucleatum 
Campylobacter rectus 
AA
218
Q

NUG and NUP are characterized by

A

necrotic ulcerative lesions
severe pain
rapid loss of supporting structure
halitosis

219
Q

Zones of NUG and NUP

A 
PMN rich zone
Necrotic zone (spirochetes and gram neg rods)
220
Q

NUG and NUP lesions harbor a large amount

A

spirochetes and P intermedia
gram negative rods
(fusobacterium and selenomonas)

221
Q

Virulence and pathogenicity

A

microorganisms ability to cause disease

222
Q

Too many PMNs can do

A

Break down PDL fibers with enzymes

223
Q

What does a microorganism have to do to be virulent

A

`must be close to the tissues

224
Q

colonization is mediated by

A

cell surface characteristics
fimbraie
extracellular polysacchrides

225
Q

How does bacterial interactions affect bacteria growth

A

are important for colonization and availability of nutrients

226
Q

Bacteria strategies to overcome self defense

A

some have enzymes (protease) that degrade host immune system protiens

227
Q

Majority of destruction to periodontal tissue is because of

A

inflammation

228
Q

Enzyme produced by P. Gingivalis

A

collaganse- degrades colagen in tissues

229
Q

T/F Bacteria produces enzymes capable of destruction

A

true

230
Q

Lipopolysacchride

A

gram negative bacterial cell wall component that induces inflammation and osteoclast

231
Q

Toxins that cause bone reabsorption

A

Lipopolysacchride and AA

232
Q

Toxins that break down fibroblasts (collagen turnover)

A

P. Gingivalis
P. Intermedium
AA
Capnocytophaga

233
Q

T/F pathogens release volatile sulfides that inhibit both the synthesis of collagen and noncollagenous substances

A

T

234
Q

Microbial components that act as antigens causing inflammation

A

Lipopollysaccharides from P. Gingivalis
prostaglandins E2, interlukin 1B
c-reactive proteins from macrophages and fibroblasts

235
Q

Bacteria are classified according to

A

morphotype
cell wall structure
oxygen environment
metabolism

236
Q

Supragingival biofilm forms on

A

a pellicle

237
Q

pellicle is composed of

A

salivary proteins, complex growth and maturation

more pathogenic as it ages

238
Q

Virulence or pathogenicity of plaque biofilm is related to

A

proximity to tissue ability to evade host defenses and ability to destroy tissues

239
Q

Plaque biofilm microbiota produces enzymes. Some of the enzymes produced by biofilm organisms enhance tissue destruction by activating the host immune response.
A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. the first statement is true and second is false
D. the first statement is false, and the second is true

A

C. The first statement is true and second is false

240
Q

The scientific rationale for the dental hygienist is to teach patients good plaque biofilm control is to

A

b. keep plaque in an immature state

241
Q

Plaque biofilm should be removed by the patient at a minimum every

a. 6 hours
b. 24 hours
c. 48 hours
d. 72 hours

A

b. 24 hours

242
Q

Understanding that plaque is a biofilm is significant because

A

b. it highlights the importance of mechanical removal.

243
Q

Gingivitis, which is considered to be a nonspecific infection, is a disease process that is unlikely to be progressive. Chronic periodontitis is likely caused by a limited number of organisms and is a disease process that is likely to progress. T/F

A

a. both statements are true

244
Q

The morphotypes of mature biofilm microbiota are different than those generally found in gram-positive biofilms because the environment becomes conducive to gram-negative and motile bacterial species.

A

Both are true

245
Q

the most commonly found periodontal pathogen in chronic periodontitis is

A

red complex

246
Q

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is referred to as necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis when which event occurs?

A

the infection invades the deeper tissues and bone loss occurs

247
Q

How many days for gram negative bacteria to form

A

4-7

248
Q

PMNS

A

destroy bacteria found in the PDL

249
Q

Bacteria that causes perio

A

AA

250
Q

Macrophages are negative because

A

enzymes released break down PDL

251
Q

Cytokines produced when there is

A

an allergic reaction

252
Q

Three major cells that can break down PDL

A

cytokins
macrophages
PMNs

253
Q

Protects against plaque biofilm in sulcus

A

sulcular fluid

254
Q

Enzyme found in saliva

A

amylase

255
Q

Enzyme found in PMNS

A

collagenase

256
Q

P gingivalis is associated with what disease

A

Periodontitis

257
Q

What bacteria is asscociated with localozed aggressive perio

A

AA

258
Q

What is found with NUG/NUP bacteria

A

lukeocytes and spirochetes

259
Q

Most dominant bacteria in nug

A

Prevotella intermeriom

260
Q

Fusobacteria is found in NUG or NUP?

A

Both

Periodontology (2 decks)

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