Chronic kidney injury

Question 1

What are the symptoms of unaemia?

Answer 1

• Lethargy
• Tiredness
• Itching
• Nausea
• Anorexia
• Vomiting

Question 2

What are the causes of CKD?

Answer 2

• Acute kidney injury of any cause which does not recover completely
• Glomerular diseases; many glomerular diseases may progress and cause CKD
• Systemic diseases:
  > Diabetes, the most common cause of CKD in the developed world
  > Hypertension
  > Autoimmune diseases
• Vascular diseases:
  > Atheromatous renovascular disease
  > Cholesterol atheroembolic disease
• Reflux nephropathy
• Drugs/toxins (analgesics)
• Tubulointerstitial (TI) diseases; CKD may follow acute interstitial nephritis (IN), or be due to chronic IN, e.g. as in sarcoidosis
• Inherited renal diseases:
  > Polycystic kidneys
  > Alports syndrome
• Post-obstructive causes of CKD