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Biology > Circulatory System And Disease > Flashcards

Circulatory System And Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the things that make up the human circulatory system?

A
  • The heart
  • Blood
  • Blood vessels
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2
Q

What does the right ventricle (first circuit) do?

A

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs (to take in oxygen).

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3
Q

What does the left ventricle (second circuit) do?

A

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body.

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4
Q

Which side of the heart is thicker?

A
  • The left side is thicker

- The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle,has a thicker muscle wall.

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5
Q

Why is the left side of the heart thicker?

A

-This is because the left ventricle has to pump blood all the way around the body, but the right ventricle only has to pump it to the lungs.

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6
Q

On a diagram of a heart is the left and right the same?

A

No, from our view the left side of the heart is called the right side and the right side is called the left.

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7
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A
  • It carries food and oxygen in every cell in the body.

- It also carries waste products to remove from the body.

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8
Q

Describe the route of the blood from the body to the lungs?

A

The blood enters the heart through the Vena Cava into the right atrium and the through the right ventricle. Then the blood exits the heart through the pulmonary artery.

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9
Q

What are the main types of blood vessels?

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
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10
Q

In capillaries what happens?

A

Substances diffuse in and out of the blood in capillaries.

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11
Q

What do valves do?

A

They prevent back-flow, ensuring that blood flows in the right direction.

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12
Q

What type of circulatory system do humans have?

A

A double circulatory system.

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13
Q

What do you have to remember about arteries and veins?

A
  • Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the organs.
  • Veins carry blood into your heart away from your organs.
  • Arteries - away
  • Veins - In
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14
Q

What are features of an artery?

A
  • Has thick walls
  • Has a small lumen
  • Has a thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres
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15
Q

What are features of a vein?

A
  • Has relatively thin walls
  • Has a large lumen
  • Often has valves
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16
Q

What are features of a capillary?

A
  • Has a tiny vessel with narrow lumen

- Has walls that are a single cell thick

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17
Q

What is an important feature of the atria in the heart?

A

They have thin walls

18
Q

In the heart what do valves do?

A

They stop blood going back into the atria (prevent back-flow).

19
Q

In the heart what are important features of the ventricles and what do the ventricles do?

A
  • The right ventricle has thick walls
  • The left ventricle has very thick walls (thicker than the right).
  • The ventricles pumps blood to the body.
20
Q

What is blood?

A

Blood is a unique tissue, based on a liquid called plasma which carries RBC’s,WBC’s and platelets that are suspended in it.

21
Q

What do red blood cells (RBC’s) do?

A

They pick up oxygen from the air in your lungs and carry it to the cells where it’s needed.

22
Q

What are adaptations of RBC’s?

A
  • They have an increased surface area to volume ratio for diffusion (due to being concave,pushed in, on both sides.
  • They are packed with a red pigment called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen.
  • They have no nucleus=more space for haemoglobin.
23
Q

What do White blood cells (WBC’s) do?

A
  • They help to protect the body against harmful microorganism’s (illness+infection).
  • They are much bigger than RBC’s and there are fewer of them.
24
Q

What do lymphocytes and phagocytes do?

A
  • Lymphocytes are a type of WBC that form antibodies against microorganism’s.
  • Phagocytes are a type of WBC that engulf and digest invading bacteria and viruses.
25
Q

What do some other WBC’s do.

A

Form antitoxins against poisons made by microorganism’s.

26
Q

What are platelets?

A
  • Small fragments of cells that have no nucleus and are very important in helping blood clots at the sites of wounds.
  • This forms a scab that stops bacteria from entering and infecting the wound and also protects the new skin.
27
Q

What is blood plasma?

A

Blood plasma is a yellow liquid that transports all of your blood cells and some other substances around your body.

28
Q

What is urea?

A
  • Urea is formed in your liver from the breakdown of excess proteins
  • It is carried to your kidneys where it is removed from your blood to form urine.
29
Q

What are coronary arteries and veins?

A
  • Coronary arteries are an artery that supplies blood to the heart.
  • Coronary veins are veins that drain blood from the heart wall and empty into the Coronary sinus.
30
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

The death of heart muscle due to blood loss.

31
Q

What is a Coronary artery bypass?

A

A type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart.

32
Q

What is Coronary heart disease (CHD)?

A

A disease which occurs when coronary arteries become narrowed, restricting blood delivering oxygen and nutrients to the heart.

33
Q

What is the cause of CHD?

A

Most commonly atherosclerosis, which is a build up of ‘plaque’ within the walls of the arteries throughout the body.

34
Q

How can you fix an narrowed artery?

A
  • Through the process of angioplasty
  • This is where a thin wire called a catheter is guided into the narrowed artery from your groin or arm.
  • Then a thin balloon is guided into the same place and is blown up to increase the size of the artery and break up the plaque that cause the narrowing.
  • Finally a stern (which is a metal structure) is left in place to stop the artery from narrowing again and help it heal.
35
Q

What is an angiogram?

A

An x-ray test that uses special dye and a camera to take pictures of the blood flow in an artery or vein.

36
Q

What is cancer?

A

A disease that is cause by a rapid uncontrolled division of abnormal cells.

37
Q

What is a tumour?

A

A lump or swelling of a part of the body cause by abnormal growth of tissue,benign or malignant.

38
Q

What is the difference between a benign rumour and a malignant tumour?

A
  • A benign tumour is not cancerous,can’t spread and will remain in its current form.
  • Whereas a malignant tumour is cancerous and can grow,spread and get worse.
39
Q

How to secondary tumours occur?

A

They occur due to metastasis, when cancer cells spread from the place in the body where they first formed to other parts of the body(where they form secondary tumours).

42
Q

What are alveoli?

A
  • Alveoli are tiny sacs which are in our lungs

- They help/allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the bloodstream and the lungs.

43
Q

How is the alveoli’s structure specialised/adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A
  • The walls of the air sacs are very thin so that gases can diffuse through them very quickly.
  • The air sacs (alveoli) have a large total surface area, so that the process of diffusion is faster.
44
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

Gas exchange is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs.

Biology (4 decks)

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