civil war

Question 1

Who were the royalists in the 1st civil war?

Answer 1

Charles 1 and royal army - not coordinated (charles indescive)

Earl of newcastle + prince rupert - lost battle at marston moor 1644

Question 2

What was the solemn league and covenant?

Answer 2

Military religious and political alliance between parliament and scottish covanters (Presbytarian/protestant) formed in 1643

Question 3

Reasons for royalist defeat in England , 1642-46

Answer 3

Poorer
Lack of Popular Support
Charles invasion of scotland in 1640 meant he had to fight them aswell as parliament (Solemn league)

Question 4

2 key battles Charles lost that meant he lost the first civil war

Answer 4

Battle of Naseby (1645)
Marston Moor (1644)

BIG LOSS OF TERRITORY AND PEOPLE

Question 5

What was the New Model Army

Answer 5

In 1645 parliament undertook political and military restructing. Soldiers were strongly motivated by the puritan religion to fight in the war - better trained.

Question 6

What happened after the first civil war?

Answer 6

Charles was still in strong position despite losing civil war.
Scottish covenants expected parliament radicals to implement presybartariansm in england for 3 years - they didnt disputes within parlimenbt.

Question 7

Newcastle propsitions,

Answer 7

july 1646

Scottish proposed plan to charles - wanted religious reforms
trineal act to remain.

Charles stalled - wanted to play to the divisions within parliament.

Question 8

Windsor prayer meeting

Answer 8

New model army prayed before going in battle - believed god was guiding them - debated regicide for first time.

Question 9

who were the levellers and diggers and 5 monarchists?

Answer 9

Levellers = middle class radicals/soldiers within the NMA sought to extend voting rights, freedom of speech etc (FORWARD THINKING)

Diggers = radical wanted communal settlements - socialsist FARMERS

5 monarchists = millerieain jesus christ coming back. very religous. nutcases.

all shut down by NMA - too radical.

Question 10

What was prides purge?

Answer 10

A vote in parliament whether to negoatiate with Charles - the ones that voted to negoitage were removed by the army and taken to a nearby pub called HELL.

Question 11

Who was Henry Irtean?

Answer 11

Military leader - NMA leader alongside others.
SKILLED LEADER FAIRFAX CROMWELL SECOND HAND MAN CRUCIAL ROLE IN BATTLES. military genius.

CRITIC OF LEVELER MOVEMENT.

Wanted settlement with king.