Clams/Other Bullshit

Question 1

Manila clams scientific name

Answer 1

Venerupis philippinarum

Tapes japonica

Question 2

what part of the bivalve makes up the siphon?

Answer 2

the mantle

Question 3

what is the scientific name of littleneck clam?

Answer 3

Protothaca staminea

Question 4

describe a manila clam

Answer 4

elongate, oval, sculptured, radiating ribs.

-inner ventral margin of the shell is smooth, interior yellow with purplpe

Question 5

describe a littleneck

Answer 5

no purple, ribbed internal edge. black siphon tips, fused, short

Question 6

when was Venerupis philippinarum introduced to BC, and where?

Answer 6

Ladysmith, 1936

first place in PNW

Question 7

how must one harvest Venerupis philippinarum?

Answer 7

by hand. not allowed mechanical apparatus or dredge

Question 8

name the predators to Venerupis philippinarum

Answer 8

• moon snail
• atlantic oyster drill
• crabs
• fish
• birds
• mammals
• commensals

Question 9

what are some anti-predator precautions for clamming?

Answer 9

• trenches

- clam nets (herring seine nets better than salmon nets. lighter, last longer)

Question 10

what sort of beach do Venerupis/Tapes prefer?

Answer 10

• gradual slope
• protected beach
• mud, shell, gravel, sand

Question 11

depuration

Answer 11

‘rinsing’ off your clams before market.

• UV
• clean water
• contaminants removed
• purify

Question 12

what is the oldest aboriginal clam garden on the west coast?

Answer 12

8000years

Question 13

Why clam gardens?

Answer 13

• dietary change from salmon
• preserve well
• harvest in the winter
• higher in carbs and omega 3s

Question 14

describe the major components of shrimp/prawn anatomy

Answer 14

• Cephalothroax (rostrum, carapace, pereopods)

- Abdomen (pleopods, telson/uropods, tailfan)

Question 15

what are the differences between peneid and caridean shrimps?

Answer 15

-second abdominal segment placement (overlaps in the caridean)

Question 16

how does mating occur for crustaceans?

Answer 16

• when female is soft shelled
• deposition of spermatophores into thelycum or pouch to hold until spawning.
• at spawn the female releases eggs directly into the sea, or a brood chamber beneath the abdomen

Question 17

what are the 8 stages of a peneid shrimp life cycle?

Answer 17

• adult
• fertilized eggs
• nauplius
• protozoea
• Mysis
• megalopa
• juvenile
• subadult

Question 18

Litopenaeus vannamei:
white leg shrimp.
-where is it endemic?
-where is it farmed?
-color?
-males or females grow faster?

Answer 18

• eastern pacific, mexico-north peru
• farmed in equador, mexico, brazil, texas
• translucent white
• females grow faster

Question 19

Litopenaeus vennamei:
white leg shrimp
-how soon after fertilization do eggs hatch?
-how many protozoeal stages?
-how many Mysis stages?

Answer 19

• 16 hours
• 3 protozoeal stages
• 3 Mysis stages

Question 20

where do adults live and spawn (white leg shrimp?)

Answer 20

in the open ocean

Question 21

where do juvenile adolescent and sub-adult white leg shrimp live?

Answer 21

in coastal estuaries, lagoons, or mangrove

Question 22

where are the nursaries for white leg shrimp?

Answer 22

concrete or earth ponds, put in at 1-5 weeks.

Question 23

what type of grow out is there for white leg shrimp?

Answer 23

extensive, semi extensive, intensive, super intensive

Question 24

ablation

Answer 24

pinching off the eye of females of the broodstok

Question 25

Peneus monodon:
tiger prawns
-endemic to where?
-invasive to where?

Answer 25

endemic: Africa, Arabian peninsula, japan, Australia
invasive: Hawaii, atlantic coast of USA