Class #5 - Nervous System & Special Senses

Question 1

What are the special senses?

Answer 1

• Sight
• Hearing
• Smell
• Taste

Question 2

What are the accessory structures of the eye?

Answer 2

• Eyelids & eyelashes
• Conjunctiva
• Lacrimal Apparatus
• Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Question 3

What is the function of eyelids?

Answer 3

to protect, clean and moisten the eye

Question 4

What are the functions of eyelashes?

Answer 4

• catch dust and small debris

- the glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye

Question 5

What are the functions of the Conjunctiva?

Answer 5

• a membrane lining the eyelids and anterior eyeball

- secretes lubricating mucus

Question 6

What are the functions of lacrimal Apparatus

Answer 6

lacrimal gland + ducts

- produces saline solution (aka tears) to wash and lubricate the eye

Question 7

What are the function of the extrinsic eye muscles?

Answer 7

• six muscles attached to the outer eye
• produce eye movements
  
  • follow objects
    for convergence or focusing light on the retina

Question 8

What are the layers forming the wall of the eyeball?

Answer 8

• fibrous layer (sclera & cornea)
• Vascular layer (choroid)
• Sensory Layer (retina)

Question 9

What does the ciliary body do?

Answer 9

changes shape of the lens

Question 10

What does the iris do?

Answer 10

• regulate the amount of light coming into the eye

- changes size of the pupil

Question 11

What are the parts of the retina?

Answer 11

• outer pigmented layer
• inner neural layer
  
  • contains receptor cells:
    
    • rods
    • cones

Question 12

What are rods?

Answer 12

dim light vision and peripheral vision (night vision)

- sight is in gray tones

Question 13

What are cones?

Answer 13

detailed colour vision and high visual acuity

Question 14

What are the senses housed by the ear?

Answer 14

• hearing

- equilibrium (balance)

Question 15

Where is the organ of corti located?

Answer 15

within the cochlea

Question 16

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 16

• sensory input
• integration
• motor output

Question 17

what is sensory input?

Answer 17

the gathering of information

Question 18

What is integration?

Answer 18

the processing and interpretation of the sensory input

Question 19

What are the two structures of the nervous system?

Answer 19

• Central Nervous System

- Peripheral Nervous System

Question 20

What are the functions of the CNS?

Answer 20

• interprets sensory information
• integration
• issues outgoing instructions

Question 21

What are the functions of the PNS?

Answer 21

• allows for communication to and from:
• sensory organs
• brain and spinal cord
• glands
• muscles

Question 22

what are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 22

• somatic nervous system - voluntary control

- autonomic nervous system - involuntary control

Question 23

what are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 23

Sympathetic (fight/flight)

Parasympathetic (rest & Digest)

Question 24

What are neuroglia?

Answer 24

insulate protect and support neurons

Question 25

what are the key characteristics of neurons?

Answer 25

• excitability (ability of the cell to change state)

- conductivity (ability of the cell to send a signal down its length)

Question 26

What is the midbrain responsible for?

Answer 26

• reflex centers for vision and hearing

Question 27

What is the pons responsible for?

Answer 27

• nuclei involved in breathing

Question 28

What is the medulla oblongata responsible for?

Answer 28

• control center for:
• heart rate control
• blood pressure regulation
• breathing
• swallowing
• vomiting

Question 29

What are the regions of the brain stem?

Answer 29

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongota

Question 30

What are the meninges?

Answer 30

connective tissue membranes that cover and protect the brain

Question 31

What are the layers of the meninges?

Answer 31

• dura mater (tough outermost layer)
• arachnoid layer ( weblike filling filled with and designed to reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid)
• pia mater (clings to the surface of the brain)

Question 32

What is meningitis?

Answer 32

an inflammation of the brain

Question 33

When should you go to the hospital with meningitis?

Answer 33

if the brudzinski (someone laying on table, lift neck and legs curl in response) or kernig (raise leg & pain in neck when trying to straighten) tests show as positive.

Question 34

What are the two types of meningitis?

Answer 34

viral and bacterial