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FPP Micro > Classification Of Parasite > Flashcards

Classification Of Parasite Flashcards

1
Q

Endoparasites are not just in the body they are

A

In the cell

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2
Q

humans are the definitive host for malaria
T/F

A

False

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3
Q

What is parasitology

A

science that deals with organisms that depend on other living organisms for shelter and nourishmen

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4
Q

Helminthology implies?

A

Worms

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5
Q

Entomology implies

A

Science that deals with Arthropods

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6
Q

Parasites may be ________ or ___________

A

simple unicellular protozoa
complex multicellular metazoa

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7
Q

A parasite is a living organism that acquires some of its basic nutritional requirements through _______________ with another living organism

A

Its intimate contact

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8
Q

All parasitic organisms are eukaryotes
T/F

A

True

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9
Q

Protozoa are
Eg

A

Unicellular organisms

Plasmodium

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10
Q

Metazoa are

A

Multicellular organisms

eg
Helminths
Arthropods

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11
Q

What is a definitive host

A

the organism in which the adult or sexually mature stage of the parasite lives

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12
Q

What is an intermediate host

A

the organism in which the parasite lives during a period of its development only

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13
Q

A disease of an animal which infects man is

A

A zoonotic disease

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14
Q

Vectors are?

A

Living carriers that transport a pathogenic organism from an infected to a non infected host

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15
Q

What is the universally accepted system for classifying parasites

A

There is none

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16
Q

Parasites form part of the _________ kingdom which comprises some __________ identified species categorised into _____________ phyla (but it is estimated that there may be ~_______ species in total)

A

Animal

800,000

33

10 million

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17
Q

The parasitic organisms that are of importance for human health are prokaryotes
T/F

A

No, they are eukaryotes

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18
Q

According to their celluar structure,parasites are classified into 2 sub-kingdom which are

A

Protozoa

Metazoa

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19
Q

Protozoan (unicellular) parasites are classified according to _______ & _______

A

morphology and means of locomotion.

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20
Q

Most protozoans species that cause human disease belong to phylums?

A

Sarcomastigophora
Apicomplexa

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21
Q

Metazoa are classified according to

A

Site of infection:
Intestinal, urogenital, blood & tissue parasites, cutaneous, others

22
Q

According to degree of pathogenicity, protozoa can be categorized into

A

I) pathogenic
2) Non-pathogenic (commensals: an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm)
3) opportunistic: Opportunistic pathogens are microbes that usually do not cause disease in healthy people, but may become virulent with immunocompromised and unhealthy individuals.

23
Q

4 types according types of organs for locomotion

A

Amoebae - pseudopodia
Flagellates - flagella
Ciliates - cilia
Sporozoa - absence of locomotion

24
Q

Parasitic helminths, or worms of humans, belong to two phyla

A

Nematoda (roundworms)

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

25
Q

Platyhelminthes are subdivided into 2 classes:

A

Trematoda (flukes)

Cestoda (tapeworms)

26
Q

According to their anatomical habitats in humans, parasites are divided into?

A
  1. Ectoparasite:
    a parasite that lives on the external surface of another living organism” ( Parasitizing the skin surface) e.g. lice, ticks
  2. Endoparasite “a parasite that lives within another living organism” (Parasitizing the internal tissues) e.g. malaria, Giardia
27
Q

Sub kingdom Protozoa is divided into 3 phyla

A

Sarcomastigophora

Apicomplexa (sporozoa)
[no organelle of locomotion. undergo a complex life cycle with altemating reproductive phases}

Ciliophora (Cilliates)
move by cilia; Microsporidia; Spore-forming

28
Q

Phylum Sarcomastigophora is divided into 2

Sub phylum
Genus
Specie

A

Sarcodina-(amoebae): move by pseudopodia
Genus: Entamoeba
Specie: E. histolytica

Mastigophora (flagellates): move by flagella
Genus: Giardia
Specie: G. lamblia

29
Q

Subphylum apicomplexa divides straight into genus

A

Plasmodium

Species:
P. falciparum,
P. vivax,
P. malariae,
P. Ovale
p. knowlesi

30
Q

Subphylum ciliophora divides straight into genus

A

Balantidium
Enterocyto-Z0a

Species-examples
B. coli
E. bienusi

31
Q

Taxonomic classification of helminths using the 2 phylums
Phylum 1:

A

Sub kingdom Metazoa

Phylum: Nematodes
[Round worms; appear round in cross section, they have body
cavites, a strapnt aimentary
canaland an anus]

No Class

Genus examples:
Ascaris (roundworm)
Trichuris (whipworm)
Ancylstoma (hookworm)
Necator (hookworm)
Enterobius (pinworm or threadworm)
Strongyloides

32
Q

Using phylum 2:

A

Subkingdom: Metazoa

Phylum:
Platyhelminthes
Flat worms: dorsoventrally flattened. no body cavity and. if present. the alimentary canal is blind ending

Class 1. Cestodes
Adult tapeworms are found in the intestine of their host
They have a head (scolex) with sucking organs, a segmented body but no alimentary canal
Each body segment is hermaphrodite
Genus: Taenia(tapeworm)

Class 2. Trematodes
Non-segmented, usually leaf-shaped, with two suckers but no distinct head
They have an alimentary canal and are usually hermaphrodite and leaf shaped
Schistosomes are the exception.
They are thread-like, and have several sexes

Genus: Fasciolopsis (liver fluke)Schistosoma

33
Q

EXAMPLES

Amebae (Intestinal)

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar*
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba polecki
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschlii
Blastocystis hominis

34
Q

Flagellates (Intestinal)

A

Giardia lamblia
Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trichomonas hominis
Enteromonas hominis
Retortamonas intestinalis

35
Q

Ciliates (intestinal)

A

Balantidium coli

36
Q

Coccidia, Microsporidia (Intestinal)

A

Coccidia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Isospora belli
Sarcocystis hominis
Sarcocystis suihominis

Microsporidia
Enterocytozoon bieneusi
Encephalitozoon intestinalis

37
Q

Blood and tissue Sporozoa (Malaria and Babesiosis)

A

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium falciparum
Babesia species

38
Q

Blood & Tissue flagellates

A

Leishmania tropica complex
Leishmania mexicana complex
Leishmania braziliensis complex
Leishmania donovani complex
Leishmania peruviana
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma cruzi
Trypanosoma rangeli

39
Q

Other body sites
Amoeba & flagellates

A

Amebae
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba species
Entamoeba gingivalis
Balamuthia mandrillaris (Leptomyxid ameba)

Flagellates
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas tenax

40
Q

Other body sites
Coccidea & Microsporidia

A

Coccidia
Toxoplasma gondii
Sarcocystis “lindemanni”

Microsporidia
Nosema connori
Vittaforma corneae
Pleistophora
Trachipleistophora hominis
Brachiola
Encephalitozoon hellum
Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Encephalitozoon intestinalis
Encephalitozoon bieneusi
“Microsporidium”
Enterocytozoon bieneusi

41
Q

Intestinal helminths
Nematodes aka

A

Nematodes (Roundworms):

Ascaris lumbricoides
Enterobius vermicularis
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
Strongyloides stercoralis
Trichostrongylus species
Trichuris trichiura
Capillaria philippinensis

42
Q

Intestinal helminths
Cestodes aka

A

Cestodes (Tapeworms)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Dipylidium caninum
Hymenolepis nana
Hymenolepis diminuta
Taenia solium
Taenia saginata

43
Q

Intestinal helminths
Trematodes aka

A

Trematodes (Flukes):

Fasciolopsis buski
Echinostoma ilocanum
Heterophyes heterophyes
Metagonimus yokogawai

44
Q

Tissue helminths
Nematodes include

A

Nematodes
Trichinella spiralis
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati (Visceral larva migrans and Ocular larva migrans

Ancylostoma braziliense and Ancylostoma caninum (Cutaneous larva migrans)
Dracunculus medinensis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Angiostrongylus costaricensis
Gnathostoma spinigerum

Anisakis species ,Phocanema species, Contracaecum species (larvae from saltwater fish)

Eustrongylides species
Capillaria hepatica
Thelazia species
Gnathostoma species

45
Q

Blood & tissue

Filarial worms

A

Blood and Tissues (Filarial Worms)
Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Brugia timori
Loa loa
Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella ozzardi
Mansonella streptocerca
Mansonella perstans
Dirofilaria immitis (usually lung lesion; in dogs, heartworm)
Dirofilaria species (may be found in subcutaneous nodules)

46
Q

Tissue cestodes

A

Tissue cestodes(Larval Forms):

Taenia solium
Echinococcus granulosus
Echinococcus multilocularis
Taenia multiceps (formerly Multiceps multiceps)
Taenia serialis
Spirometra mansonoides
Spirometra mansoni
Diphyllobothrium species

47
Q

Tissue helminths

A

Liver/Lung trematodes
Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
Opisthorchis viverrini
Fasciola hepatica
Paragonimus westermani
Paragonimus mexicanus
Paragonimus species

48
Q

Tissue helminths

A

Blood trematodes
Schistosoma mansoni
Schistosoma haematobium
Schistosoma japonicum
Schistosoma intercalatum
Schistosoma mekongi

49
Q

Arthropods

A

Diplopoda
Millipedes

Chilopoda
Centipedes

Crustacea
Copepoda: copepods (Cyclops)
Decapoda: crayfish, lobsters, crabs

Arachnida
Scorpiones: scorpions
Araneae: spiders (black widow, brown recluse)
Acari: ticks (Dermacentor, Ixodes, Argas, Ornithodoros)
Mites (Sarcoptes)

50
Q

Arthropod insects

A

Insecta
Anoplura: sucking lice (Pediculus, Phthirus)
Siphonaptera: fleas (Pulex, Xenopsylla, etc.)
Dictyoptera: cockroaches
Hemiptera: true bugs (Triatoma)
Hymenoptera: bees, wasps, etc.
Coleoptera: beetles
Lepidoptera: butterflies, caterpillars, moths, etc.
Diptera: flies, mosquitoes, gnats, midges

51
Q

Other classifications include

A

Pentastomids (Tongue Worms)
Tissue (Larval Forms)
Armillifer species
Linguatula serrata
Sebekia species

Nasopharyngeal (Adult Worms)
Armillifer species
Linguatula serrata

Acanthocephalans (Thorny-Headed Worms)
Intestine:
Macrocanthorynchus hirudinace

FPP Micro (5 decks)

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