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Geography > Climate change > Flashcards

Climate change Flashcards

1
Q

What are the global effects of climate change?

A
  • Glaciers and sea ice shrinking
  • Flooding of low lying islands
  • Global sea level rise
  • Changes to seasonal migrations
  • Changing weather patterns
  • Desertification
  • Forrest fires
  • Ocean acidification
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2
Q

Approximately how long is there between glacial periods?

A

100 thousand years.

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3
Q

Why are rainfall patterns changing?

A
  • There is more water vapor in the atmosphere available for storm systems
  • This can cause heavier rainfall
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4
Q

How was the composition of the atmosphere of the past mesured?

A

Using ice cores. These had trapped air bubbles in them which could be used to compare our atmosphere with that of the past.

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5
Q

What is one disease that will benefit from climate change?

A

Malaria.
Climate change will spread and increase the warm moist conditions needed for this pathogen to thrive.

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6
Q

What is a fossil fuel?

A

A natural fuel formed from the remains of living organisms.

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7
Q

Where is carbon dioxide emitted?

A
  • Burning fossil fuels
  • Car exhausts
  • Factories
  • Deforestation and burning wood
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8
Q

Where is methane emitted?

A
  • Farm livestock
  • Rice farming
  • Burning biogas
  • Decaying organic matter in landfill sites
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9
Q

Where are nitrous oxides emitted?

A
  • Car exhausts
  • Agricultural fertalisers
  • Sewage treatment
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10
Q

What are the natural causes of climate change?

A
  • Orbital changes
  • Solar activity
  • Volcanic activity
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11
Q

What are the three orbital changes?

A
  • Eccentricity
  • Axial tilt
  • Precession
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12
Q

What is the eccentricity of an orbit?

A

The change of the Earth’s orbit path between circular and elliptical.

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13
Q

How can an ice age be started by the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit?

A

If the Earth is at the furthest edge of an elliptical orbit in summer, an ice age may begin.

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14
Q

What is axial tilt?

A

The tilt of the Earth on it’s axis changes between 21 and 24.5 degrees.

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15
Q

What is the procession of the Earth’s orbit?

A

The Earth wobbling on its orbit path. This can effect global temperatures.

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16
Q

How can solar activity effect the climate?

A

High sunspot activity will warm the Earth
Low sunspot activity will cool the Earth.

17
Q

What is the effect of a large volcanic eruption on the climate?

A

It can cause a volcanic winter.

18
Q

How does volcanic activity effect the climate?

A

Short term: Ash blocks out sunlight, causing temperatures to drop
Long term: Sulpher dioxide dissolves water vapor, forming sulphuric acid, which reflects solar radiation and cools the atmosphere for a long time.

19
Q

What is the most recent extreme volcanic eruption?

A

Mount Tambora (Indonesia) in 1815.
Caused a drop in temperature between 0.4°C and 0.7°C. This caused crop failures and widespread famine.

20
Q

What is adaption?

A

Reducing damage, limiting impacts and taking advantage of opportunities.

21
Q

How can farmers adapt to climate change?

A
  • Drought resistant crops
  • Irrigation systems + water storage
  • New cropping patterns
  • Shade trees
22
Q

What is the great green wall?

A
  • A line of trees to prevent the sped of the Sahara desert
  • The trees hold moisture in the soil, preventing desertification, and providing shade
23
Q

What is mitigation?

A

Reducing impacts and dealing with causes.

24
Q

Why do villages in the Himalayas need water supply?

A

Water is frozen in the spring so there is none for irrigation.

25
Q

How do ice stupa work for villages in the Himalayas?

A

Water is brought though pipes to the village during winter where it is frozen into a tower of ice. In spring this melts and provides water for crops.

26
Q

How can the Maldives adapt to sea level rise?

A
  • Seawalls arround the capital
  • Restoring mangrove forrests
  • Building on stilts
  • Artificial islands
  • Artificial reefs
27
Q

What are some strategys for managing climate change?

A
  • Alternative energy sources
  • Carbon capture
  • Tree planting
  • International agreements

Geography (8 decks)

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