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Blood Sciences > Clinical biochemistry > Flashcards

Clinical biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What does clinical biochemistry contribute towards?

A

Diagnosis
Screening
Monitoring of treatment
Research

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2
Q

What are the steps of clinical biochemistry?

A

Pre-analytical
Analysis
Post-testing

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3
Q

What are the main types of samples seen in clinical biochemistry?

A

Serum
Plasma
Urine

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4
Q

What does pre-testing involve?

A

Patient information
Clinical information
Correct tube
Correct collection procedure
Correct specimen
Storage

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5
Q

What does the ‘analysis’ stage involve?

A

Appropriate test
Appropriate specimen
Quality control of assay
Quality control of sample handling

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6
Q

What does the ‘post-testing’ stage involve?

A

Reference ranges
Critical values
Patient specifics
False negatives
False positives

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7
Q

What is bicarbonate important for?

A

Important in acid/base balance

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8
Q

What is the main cation in intracellular fluid?

A

Potassium

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9
Q

What is the main anion in intracellular fluid?

A

Protein and phosphate

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10
Q

What is the main cation in extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium

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11
Q

What is the main anion in extracellular fluid?

A

Chloride and bicarbonate

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12
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Total number of ions

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13
Q

What is the main electrolyte in plasma?

A

Sodium

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14
Q

Why is sodium important?

A

For the maintenance of fluid volume

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15
Q

What does normal metabolism involve?

A

Consumption of O2 and the production of CO2 and H+ ions

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16
Q

What are the liver function tests?

A

Bilirubin
AST and ALT
ALPGT
Albumin
y

17
Q

What are the levels of calcium regulated by?

A

Parathyroid hormone

18
Q

How much calcium in plasma is bound to albumin?

A

Around 50%

19
Q

What can raised levels of phosphate indicate?

A

Renal failure

20
Q

What can lowered levels of phosphate indicate?

A

Malnutrition

21
Q

What can a magnesium deficiency cause?

A

Hypocalcaemia

22
Q

What is raised in liver disease when there is red cell damage?

A

AST and LDH

Blood Sciences (6 decks)

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