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Rapid facts > Clinical presentations > Flashcards

Clinical presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use

A

C. Diff infection

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2
Q

Achilles’ tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia

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3
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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4
Q

Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion

A

IgA deficiency

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5
Q

Anterior “drawer sign” +

A

ACL injury

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6
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyper flexible joints

A

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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7
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

2° to erythropoietin injection

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8
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats

A

Pott disease

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9
Q

Bilateral acoustic schwannomas

A

Neurofibromatosis type 2

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10
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis

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11
Q

Black eschar on face of pt with diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Mucor or rhizopus fungal infection

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12
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)

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13
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton line- lead poisoning

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14
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget disease of the bone (increase osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

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15
Q

Bounding pulse, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

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16
Q

“Butterfly” facial rash and raynaud phenomenon in young female

A

SLE

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17
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules, cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas

A

Neurofibromatosis type 1, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas

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18
Q

Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune- Albright syndrome

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19
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy (most common Duchenne, due to x linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)

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20
Q

Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctiva and tongue

A

Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)

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21
Q

“Cherry red spots” on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central artery occlusion

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22
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina

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23
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler syndrome

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24
Q

Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG

A

Unstable angina or STEMI

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25
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne MD)

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26
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

“Slapped cheeks” erythema infectiosum/5th disease: parvovirus b19

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27
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease

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28
Q

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

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29
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (post hepatic venous thrombosis)

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30
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

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31
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

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32
Q

Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)

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33
Q

Continuous “machine like” murmur

A

PDA

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34
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema

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35
Q

Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm

A

Carcinoid syndrome

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36
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma (HHV-8)

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37
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul respirations

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38
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin [B3] deficiency)

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39
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

A

Wet beriberi (thiamine [B6] deficiency)

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40
Q

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

A

Pasteurella multocida

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41
Q

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

A

Sjogren syndrome

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42
Q

Dysphasia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

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43
Q

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, increase bleeding tendency

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V collagen defect)

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44
Q

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

A

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

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45
Q

Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss

A

Meniere disease

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46
Q

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

A

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

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47
Q

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

A

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

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48
Q

Fat, female, forty, fertile

A

Cholelithiasis

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49
Q

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

A

Jarisch-herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxins release)

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50
Q

Fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, diffuse rash

A

Measles

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51
Q

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

B symptoms of lymphoma

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52
Q

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature

A

Peyronie disease

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53
Q

Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)

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54
Q

Gout, intellectual disability, self mutilating behavior in a boy

A

Lesch-nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, x-linked recessive)

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55
Q

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyper pigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk, mainly GI)

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56
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises

A

Gaucher disease (glucocerebridase deficiency)

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57
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

A

Kluver-bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

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58
Q

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

A

UMN damage

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59
Q

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

A

LMN damage

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60
Q

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

A

“Blue bloater” (COPD)

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61
Q

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

A

Nonpainful: chancre (primary syphilis)

Painful, with exudate: chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)

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62
Q

Infant with “cherry red” spot on macula, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration

A

Neimann-Pick disease (genetic sphyingomyelinase deficiency)

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63
Q

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

A

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

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64
Q

Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly

A

Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphate deficiency, more severe)

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65
Q

Infant with microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect

A

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

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66
Q

Jaundice, palpable distended non tender gallbladder

A

Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

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67
Q

Large rash with bulls eye appearance

A

Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease)

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68
Q

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

A

Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)

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69
Q

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells

A

Bruton disease (x-linked agammaglobulinemia)

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70
Q

Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time

A

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa)

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71
Q

Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

A

Beck triad of cardiac tamponade

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72
Q

Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth

A

Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)

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73
Q

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance

A

Pompe disease (lysosomal a-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)

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74
Q

Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [c5-c6] brachial plexus injury: “waiters tip”)

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75
Q

No lactation post partum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

A

Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)

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76
Q

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

A

Multiple sclerosis

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77
Q

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

A

Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)

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78
Q

Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes

A

Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

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79
Q

Painless erythematous lesions in palms and buttocks

A

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabsceses

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80
Q

Painless jaundice

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

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81
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

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82
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)

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83
Q

Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminuria, hypercholesterolemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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84
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

“Pink puffer”

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85
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule)

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86
Q

Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques

A

Lichen planus

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87
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

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88
Q

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll-Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

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89
Q

Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome ( acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype)

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90
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

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91
Q

Recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

A

Hyper IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

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92
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

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93
Q

Red “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute messenger ischemia (adults), intussusception (children)

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94
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)

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95
Q

Red urine in morning, fragile RBCs

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinura

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96
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

Von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

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97
Q

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait

A

Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)

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98
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

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99
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

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100
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpating of LLQ

A

Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)

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101
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)

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102
Q

Short stature, café au lait spots, thumb/radial defects, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA cross link repair; often progresses to AML)

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103
Q

Single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

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104
Q

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

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105
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

1° adrenicortical insufficiency (e.g. Addison disease) causes increased ACTH and increased a-MSH production)

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106
Q

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)

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107
Q

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

A

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

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108
Q

Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

A

Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)

109
Q

Smooth, moist, painless, wart like white lesions on genitals

A

Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)

110
Q

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

A

Bacterial endocarditis

111
Q

“Strawberry tongue”

A

Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease

112
Q

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short statue, webbed neck, lymphedema

A

Turner syndrome

113
Q

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

A

Gout/podagra

114
Q

Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae

A

Scurvy (vit C deficiency: can’t hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)

115
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

A

Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP, DIP)

116
Q

Systolic ejection murmur

A

Aortic stenosis

117
Q

Telangectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, AV malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria

A

Osler-weber-rendu syndrome

118
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2A

119
Q

Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

A

MEN 2B

120
Q

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

A

Babinski sign (UMN lesion)

121
Q

Unilateral facial drooping involved forehead

A

LMN facial nerve

122
Q

40 y/o male- fatigue, nausea, vomiting, weakness, low BP, hyper pigmented skin, increased ACTH

A

Addison’s disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)

123
Q

Benign unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gilbert’s syndrome (decreased hepatic UGT activity)

124
Q

Osteomyelitis from wound through rubber soled shoe

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

125
Q

Dementia, gait disturbance, urinary incontinence

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

126
Q

Small round blue cells

A

Small cell lung cancer

127
Q

Keratin pearls and intercellular bridging

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

128
Q

Pleomorphic giant cells with leukocyte fragments

A

Large cell adenocarcinoma

129
Q

Psammoma bodies

A

Mesothelioma, meningiomas, papillary thyroid cancer, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

130
Q

Type II pneumoctyes in lung cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

131
Q

Arterial transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

Associated with hep b infection

132
Q

Lancinating pains, loss of vibratory and position sensation, areflexia, neurogenic bladder, argyll Robertson pupils

A

Tabes dorslis (syphilis infection)

133
Q

Marfanoid habitus, mucosal neuromas, thyroid malignancy, pheochromocytoma

A

MEN 2B

134
Q

Diabetes, cholelithiasis, steatorrhea, gastric hypoclorhydria, weight loss

A

Somatostatinoma

135
Q

Pain around shoulders and pelvic girdle

A

Polymyalgia rheumatica

136
Q

Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in male

A

reactive arthritis (associated with HLA B 27)

137
Q

vascular birthmark (port wine stain) of the face

A

nevus flammeus- benign, but associated with Sturge Weber syndrome

138
Q

vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations

A

Mallory- Weiss syndrome (alcoholics and bulimics)

139
Q

weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

A

Whipple disease (T. whipplei)

140
Q

“Worst headache of my life”

A

subarachnoid hemmorhage

141
Q

anti-centromere antibodies

A

CREST scleroderma

142
Q

anti-desmoglein antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris

143
Q

anti- glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome

144
Q

antihistone antibodies

A

drug induced Lupus

145
Q

anti IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis

146
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

147
Q

anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A

p-ANCA: Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss)
c-ANCA: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

148
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-smith, anti- dsDNA)

A

SLE

149
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

150
Q

anti topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

151
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease

152
Q

“apple core” lesion on barium enema x ray

A

colorectal cancer

153
Q

atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

154
Q

azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML)

155
Q

bacitracin sensitive

A

S. pyogenes

156
Q

bacitracin resistant

A

S. agalactiae

157
Q

bamboo spine

A

ankylosing spondylitis

158
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies due to asplenia

159
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

160
Q

bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

SAH

161
Q

“boot shaped” heart of xray

A

tetralogy of fallot

162
Q

branching Gram + rods with sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

163
Q

bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can cause Horner syndrome)

164
Q

“brown” tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica

165
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease

166
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

167
Q

“chocolate cyst” of ovary

A

endometriosis

168
Q

Homer Wright rosettes

A

neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma

169
Q

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid

A

Down syndrome

170
Q

degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis

171
Q

“delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, SVT

A

Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

172
Q

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease

173
Q

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curshmann spirals

174
Q

“orphan Annie” eye nuclei

A

papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

175
Q

increased hCG

A

choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole

176
Q

schiller duval bodies

A

yolk sac tumor

177
Q

“honeycomb” lung on xray or CT

A

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

178
Q

hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

A

Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)

179
Q

increased AFP

A

dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida

180
Q

Cowdry type A bodies

A

HSV, VZV

181
Q

keratin pearls on skin biopsy

A

squamous cell carcinoma

182
Q

linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture syndrome

183
Q

low serum ceruloplasmin

A

Wilson disease

184
Q

“lumpy bumpy” appearance of glomeruli on IF

A

poststreptococcal GN

185
Q

lytic “punched out” lesions on xray

A

multiple myeloma

186
Q

signet ring cell

A

gastric carcinoma

187
Q

nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli

A

Kimmelsteil Wilson nodules- diabetic nephropathy

188
Q

novobiocin resistant

A

S. saprophyticus

189
Q

novobiocin sensitive

A

S. epidermidis

190
Q

“nutmeg” liver

A

RHF or Budd Chiari syndrome

191
Q

“onion skin” periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma

192
Q

optochin sensitive

A

s. pneumoniae

193
Q

optochin resistant

A

viridans strep

194
Q

podocyte fusion or “effacement” on electron microscopy

A

minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

195
Q

pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

A

glioblastoma multiforme

196
Q

RBC casts in urine

A

glomerulonephritis

197
Q

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

198
Q

“soap bubble” in femur or tibia on xray

A

giant cell tumor of bone/ osteoclastoma

199
Q

“spikes and domes” subepithelial deposits

A

membranous nephropathy

200
Q

“steeple” sign on xray

A

croup

201
Q

“tennis racket” shaped cytoplasmic organelles

A

Birbeck granules (LCH)

202
Q

“thumb sign” on xray

A

epiglottitis

203
Q

“tram track” appearance of capillary loops of glomerular BM

A

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

204
Q

waxy casts with very low urine flow

A

chronic end stage renal disease

205
Q

WBC casts in urine

A

acute pyelonephritis

206
Q

smudged WBCs

A

CLL

207
Q

“wire loop” glomerular capillary appearance

A

diffuse proliferative membranonephritis

208
Q

carcinoid syndrome treatment

A

octreotide

209
Q

CML treatment

A

imitinab

210
Q

CMV treatment

A

ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

211
Q

prolactinoma treatment

A

bromocriptine (dopamine agonist)

212
Q

SIADH treatment

A

conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

213
Q

sickle cell treatment

A

hydroxyurea (inceases HbF)

214
Q

conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with black liver

A

Dubin Johnson syndrome

215
Q

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia

A

Kallmann syndrome- failure of neuron migration

216
Q

crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur with ejection click, loudest at the base of the heart, radiates to carotids, with delayed pulses

A

aortic stenosis - from age related calcification

217
Q

holosystolic, high pitched “blowing murmur”, loudest at apex and radiates toward axilla

A

mitral regurgitation- post MI, MVP, LV dilation

218
Q

holosystolic, high pitched “blowing murmur”, loudest at lower left sternal border and radiates toward right sternal border

A

tricuspid regurgitation- RV dilation

219
Q

late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click, best heard over apex

A

mitral valve prolapse- most frequent valvular lesions, predisposes to IE, causes: Marfans, Ehlers Danlos, RF, chordae rupture

220
Q

holosystolic, harsh sounding murmur, loudest at lower left sternal border

A

VSD

221
Q

high pitched “blowing” early diastolic decrescendo murmur, loudest along left side of sternum

A

aortic regurgitation- aortic root dilation, bicuspid aortic valve, endocarditis, RF –> progresses to left HF

222
Q

head bobbing and waterhammer pulse

A

aortic regurgitation

223
Q

delayed, rumbling, late diastolic murmur following opening snap, heard best at apex in left lateral decubitus position

A

mitral stenosis- from RF

224
Q

conjunctivitis, arthritis, urethritis

A

reactive arthritis (post GI bug)

225
Q

anti-Jo-1 antibodies

A

polymiositis

226
Q

parakeratotic scaling

A

psoriasis

227
Q

incontinence that occurs with coughing, working out, sneezing

A

stress incontinence- weakening of pelvic floor

228
Q

incontinence preceded by sudden urge to void

A

urge incontinence- destrusor overactivity (tx with oxybutynin, darifenacin, solifenacin)

229
Q

continuous leakage of urine

A

overflow incontinence- inability to void normally –> overdistention of bladder

230
Q

varicocele common side

A

left

231
Q

Neural tumors and pigmented iris hamartomas

A

Neurofibromatosis 1 (AD)

232
Q

Mitral valve prolapse, liver disease, berry aneurysms

A

ADPKD

233
Q

Hemangioblastomas of retina/cerebellum/medulla

A

Von Hippel-Lindau

234
Q

Female child with microcephaly, autism like behavior, ataxia, hand flapping

A

Rett syndrome

235
Q

Activates antithrombin which leads to decrease in thrombin and factor Xa

A

Heparin

236
Q

Female with normal breast development, scant public and ancillary hair, blind ending vagina, no uterus, testes in inguinal canal or abdomen, high DHT and testosterone around puberty

A

Androgen insensitivity syndrome- defect androgen receptor

237
Q

testicular tumor that may present initially with gynecomastia

A

Leydig cell tumor

238
Q

Abx ineffective against anaerobes

A

aminoglycosides (need O2 to enter into bacterial cell)

239
Q

uses india ink stain

A

cryptococcus neoformans

240
Q

uses silver stain

A

pneumocystis jirovecii, legionella

241
Q

uses giemsa stain

A

chlamydia, rickettsiae

242
Q

pharyngitis with gray psuedomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy

A

diphtheria

243
Q

inactivaes EF2

A

diphtheria toxin, pseudomonas exotoxin A

244
Q

young, sexually active female with UTI

A

s. saprophyticus

245
Q

ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax

A

Meigs syndrome

246
Q

hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure

A

hemolytic uremic syndrome

247
Q

pseudoappendicitis

A

yersinia enterocolitica

248
Q

headache, fever, rash

A

rickettsial triad

249
Q

rash starts at wrists and ankles and spreads to palms, soles, trunk

A

rocky mountain spotted fever

250
Q

birthing a calf/sheep or drink unpasteurized milk and then pneumonia/culture negative endocarditis

A

Q fever- coxiella burnetii

251
Q

vasculitis associated with young asthmatic

A

Churg Strauss

252
Q

vasculitis associated with Hep B

A

polyarteritis nodosa

253
Q

Osteomyelitis caused by puncture wound through sneaker

A

Pseudomonas

254
Q

Osteomyelitis in diabetic with foot ulcer

A

Pseudomonas

255
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell patient

A

Salmonella

256
Q

Hydrops fetalis

A

Parvovirus B 19

257
Q

PDA + cataracts + deafness

A

Congenital rubella

258
Q

Hearing loss, seizures, rash, periventricular calcifications

A

Congenital CMV

259
Q

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

260
Q

Muscle/joint pain, headaches, retro-orbital pain

A

Dengue fever

261
Q

Fatal infantile gastritis

A

Rotavirus

262
Q

Fever, jaundice, black vomit

A

Yellow fever

263
Q

Flash pulmonary edema

A

ACE inhibitor

264
Q

Viral infection then painful enlarged thyroid and hyperthyroidism

A

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (deQuervains thyroiditis)

265
Q

Flu like sx with undulating fevers and diaphoresis

A

Brucellosis (facultative intercellular gram- bacteria)

266
Q

Dermatitis at belt line, buttocks, groin, feet, high glucose, weight loss, diarrhea

A

Glucagonoma

267
Q

Bloody or serous nipple discharge

A

Intraductal papilloma

268
Q

Hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased PTH, short 4-5 metacarpals, short stature

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

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