CN2: Cultural Dimensions of Behaviour

Question 1

Individualism vs collectivism refers to the…

Answer 1

degree to which people define themselves as part of a collective or as separate individuals

Question 2

Masculinity vs femininity refers to the…

Answer 2

differences between “masculine” and “feminine” cultures and their effects on people’s behaviour

Question 3

Cultural dimensions are…

Answer 3

the perspectives of a culture based on values and cultural norms

Question 4

Hofstede’s classic survey study (1973) involved…

Answer 4

asking employees of the multinational company IBM to fill in surveys about morale in the workplace

Question 5

In Hofstede’s survey study, he carried out a…

Answer 5

content analysis

Question 6

Hofstede argues that understanding cultural dimensions will help…

Answer 6

facilitate communication between cultures

Question 7

Understanding and respect of cultural norms can promote…

Answer 7

successful international diplomacy as well as international business

Question 8

What does shaking hands mean in western countries?

Answer 8

An agreement has been reached.

Question 9

What does shaking hands mean in Middle Eastern countries?

Answer 9

Serious negotiations are just beginning.

Question 10

Why is it important to understand cultural dimensions?

Answer 10

It would be difficult to negotiate without knowing others’ cultural norms

Question 11

In individualist societies the ties between individuals are

Answer 11

loose

Question 12

In collectivist societies, from birth onwards people are integrated into

Answer 12

strong, cohesive in-groups, and often extended families that support them throughout their lifetime

Question 13

In individualist societies, everyone is expected to look

Answer 13

after himself or herself and his or her immediate family

Question 14

In collectivist societies, if an individual does not live up to the norms then

Answer 14

behaviour will be enacted because of shame

Question 15

Countries high on individualism are

Answer 15

USA, UK, Canada

Question 16

Countries high on collectivism are

Answer 16

South Korea, Singapore, Japan

Question 17

Markus and Kitayama (1991) characerized the difference between US and Japanese culture by two proverbs. What are they?

Answer 17

Individualist: “the squeaky wheel gets the grease”

Collectivist: “the nail that stands out gets pounded down”

Question 18

Fiske and Taylor (2008) found that the universality of the FAE is limited because

Answer 18

it is far stronger in people from individualist cultures than it is in collectivist cultures

Question 19

Kashima and Triandis (1986) found that there was a

Answer 19

modesty bias between both cultural dimensions in terms of performance

Question 20

The Americans in Kashima and Triandis (1986) study tended to attribute their

Answer 20

success to ability

Question 21

The Japanese in Kashima and Triandis (1986) study tended to attribute their

Answer 21

failures in terms of their lack of ability

Question 22

What are studies you can use for individualism vs collectivism and conformity?

Answer 22

Smith and Bond (1993), Berry (1967)

Question 23

Hedden (2008) focused on

Answer 23

perceptions of a line between individualist and collectivist cultures

Question 24

Marcus did an experiment measuring how well 8-year-olds

Answer 24

could solve puzzles

Question 25

Marcus found out that American children performed best

Answer 25

when solving puzzles they had chosen themselves

Question 26

Marcus found out that Asian children performed best

Answer 26

when solving puzzles they were told their mothers had chosen for them

Question 27

Marcus believed that American children brought up in an independence-minded culture

Answer 27

felt best when they were exercising free choice

Question 28

Marcus believed that Asian children brought up in an collectivist culture assumed that

Answer 28

their mothers had their best interests at heart