CNS Intro

Question 1

Organization of CNS

Answer 1

cotex- sensory/motor/though processes 
limbic system-emotion/memory
diencephalon-endocrine/autonomic
cerebellum-endorince/autonomic
midbrain/brain stem- reflex pathways/infro relay/awareness/arousal 
spinal cord- sensory/motor/autonomic

Question 2

Interneurons vs. projection neurons

Answer 2

interneurons-communicate within same brain region, modify message

projection- axons project form one brain region to another

Question 3

glutamate

Answer 3

relay neurons throughout the CNS, act on NMDA (ion channel) and non-NMDA receptors

hallucinogenic drugs like phencyclidine (PCP) inhibit NMDA receptors

Question 4

GABA

Answer 4

throughout CNS, associated with behaviour, act on postsynapotic GABA receptors
GABAa=ion channel (increase CL-), GABAb=Gprotein linked ion channel (increase increase K+),

GABAa receptor is the target for sedative hyponics

Question 5

acerylcholine

Answer 5

interneurons assocatied with motor control, projection neurons assocaited with learning, memory and cognition

acts on many subtypes of nuscarinic and nicotinic receptors

Question 6

norepinphrine

Answer 6

throughout CNS, important inawareness, arousal, autonomic control

alpha 1 and beta 1 = excitatory
alpha 2 and beta 2 = inhibitory

Question 7

dopaine

Answer 7

cortex, limbic systems, midbrain

5 subtypes of dopamine receptors (D1-D5) to G-protein second messenger systems

D2= presyaptic and postsynaptic

pre- decrease Ca+2
post- decrease cAMP, increase K+

Question 8

serotonin

Answer 8

cell bodies in midbrain and brain stem project rhoughout the brain, play role in behaviour and control of sleep, temp, appetitie and neuroendocine function

at least 14 subtypes of receptors, all 5-HT receptors to G-protein second messenger systems except 5-HT3 (ion channel)

5-HT1a: inhibitory, decrease cAMP
5-HT2a: excitory, increases DAG, IP3

Question 9

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 9

progressive and irreversible memory loss and conigitive impairment

memory loss and cognitive impairment results from degeneration of cholinergic input: 1. hippocampus (memor), 2. cortex (cognitive)

progressive loss of cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain-> sympotms

confimred by nuerofibillary tagles and amyloid plaques

treatment -> donepezil (AChE inhibitors), increase ACh