Coasts

Question 1

Holderness coastal erosion
-what’s the annual rate of erosion
-what’s the 3 factors that cause erosion
-3 key players
-social/economic costs?

Answer 1

-2 metres of erosion annually
- caused by geology, longshore drift and fetch
-local governments, local businesses, residents
-200 homes lost, road collapses, tourism lost

Question 2

Kiribati sea level rising
-how many low level islands
- how much is the sea level rising by annually
-why is the sea level rising
-what’s next for kiribati
-what’s the government policy introduced
-what’s the land like

Answer 2

-33 islands
-1.2 metres
-land bought in fiji to tackle food security
-migration with dignity - allows people to apply for jobs in neighbouring countries
-very low lying sand and mangrove tolls

Question 3

system inputs

Answer 3

marine - waves, tides, storm surges
atmosphere - weather/climate change
land - rock types, structure, tectonic activity
people - human activity, coastal managment

Question 4

system processes

Answer 4

weathering
mass movement
sub aerial processes
deposition
erosion
transportation

Question 5

outputs

Answer 5

erosional landforms
deposition landforms
various coasts

Question 6

what’s the littoral zone and what does it consist of ?

Answer 6

the zone between the land and sea.
divided into 4 sections –> backshore, foreshore, nearshore and offshore

Question 7

high energy coastlines

Answer 7

-erosion exceeds deposition
-high energy destructive waves
-bays, wave cut platforms, headlands

Question 8

low energy coastlines

Answer 8

Deposition exceeds erosion
-low energy constructive waves
-beaches, spits, coastal plains

Question 9

concordant coasts

Answer 9

soft and hard rock runs parallel to each other
formation of coves and bays e.g. lulworth bay

Question 10

discordant coasts

Answer 10

soft and hard rock runs parallel to each other at 90 degrees
formation of headlands

Question 11

Bangladesh coastal flooding
-how many rivers does the floodplains lie on and where do they empty
-what human actions cause the increase risk of flood risk

Answer 11

-3 major rivers that empty through estuaries in the bengal bay
-subsidence –> the clearing and drainage of islands for agriculture, the depletion of embankments stopping deposition of sediment
-removal of vegetation –> mangroves and forests being removed for farming (25%)

Question 12

cyclone sidr

Answer 12

-Bangladesh
-storm surges reaching 6m high
-223 km/hr
-4234 deaths/missing
-1.5 million houses damaged

Question 13

isostatic change

Answer 13

land rises/falls relative to sea level change

Question 14

eustatic change

Answer 14

sea level rises or falls