Coasts Falscards

Question 1

Igenous rock

Answer 1

Magma cools down and hardens, Rocks form crystals as it cools down, Rock usually hard.

Question 2

Sedimentary rock

Answer 2

Layers of sediment are compacted together until solid. Limestone and chalk formed from tiny shells and skeletons of sea creatures

Question 3

Metamorphic

Answer 3

Formed when other rocks are changed by heat wnd pressure. New rock becomes harder and more compacted

Question 4

Granite

Answer 4

Formed from magma cooled underground,resistant

Question 5

Limestone

Answer 5

Formed from tiny shells and skeletons of sea creatures. Very resistant and permeable

Question 6

Clay

Answer 6

Formed from muds deposited by rivers. Soft and crumbly. Weak

Question 7

Chalk

Answer 7

A younger form of limestone. Medium resistance

Question 8

Slates

Answer 8

Formed by heated muds. Very resitant

Question 9

Formation of healand and bays

Answer 9

-sea attacks coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock
- soft rick erodes more quickly than hard rock
-leaves land our called headland
- Areas with soft rock has eroded away are called bays

Question 10

Formation of a spit

Answer 10

-Longshore drift moves sediment along coastline
-sudden change in coastline is required to occur
-behind headland a sheltered area is present where lower energy waves occur
- heaviest sediment dropped first and after smaller sediment is dropped
- ‘re-curved cause by 2nd wind’
- spit will not reafh to other side due to deep water and currents

Question 11

How do arch,stump,stack form

Answer 11

-waves crash into headlands and enlarge cracks-abrasion and hydraulic action
-repeated erosion enlarges the crack to form cave
- continued erosion deepens crack and causes a arch
- erosion causes supporting arch to fall
-forms a stack

Question 12

Longshore drift

Answer 12

Waves approach the sea at an angle, swash pushes material up the
beach at the same angle as the prevailing wind. Backwash carries the sediment back
dow

Question 13

Traction,saltation,suspension and solution

Answer 13

Traction– large boulders are rolled along the sea
Saltation—smaller stones are bounced along the sea floor.
Suspension—sand and small particles are carried along in the flow.
Solution—some minerals are dissolved in seawater.

Question 14

Constructive waves and destructive waves

Answer 14

Constructive waves— Have a
strong swash and weak
backwash, small waves under 1m
high. Encourage deposition.
Destructive waves—Strong
backwash, weak swash, taller
than 1m. Encourage erosion.

Question 15

Concordant and discordsnt coastlines

Answer 15

Discordant-perpendicular, headlands and bays formed, coastal erosion and deposition
Concordsnt-parallel, coes, coastal erosion and landforms

Question 16

Hudraulic action,abrasion,attrition

Answer 16

Hydraulic action—the weight and impact of water against
the coastline and cliffs erodes them.
Abrasion—breaking waves throw sand and pebbles against
the coast during storms.
Attrition—rocks and pebbles collide.

Question 17

Mass movement, slumping and sliding

Answer 17

Mass movement—the
downhill movement of
material under the
influence of gravity.
There are different types
that depend on the
material involved, how
saturated the material is
and the nature of
movement. E.g.
Sliding - loosened rocks
and soil suddenly tumble
down the slope.
Slumping—happens when
rock is saturated with
water and slides down a
curved slip plain.