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History GCSE > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Tehran conference happen and what happened?

A

1943-Decisions made about end of war and Germany (divided into 4 parts, de-Nazified etc). Old suspicions and mistrust emerged, especially over Soviet control of Eastern Europe (US didn’t tell USSR about A Bomb)

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2
Q

When did the Yalta Conference happen and what happened?

A

February 1945-Decisions made about end of war and Germany (divided into 4 parts, de-Nazified etc). Old suspicions and mistrust emerged, especially over Soviet control of Eastern Europe (US didn’t tell USSR about A Bomb)

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3
Q

When did the USA test the A-bomb?

A

1945

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4
Q

When did Potsdam happen?

A

July 1945-Decisions made about end of war and Germany (divided into 4 parts, de-Nazified etc). Old suspicions and mistrust emerged, especially over Soviet control of Eastern Europe (US didn’t tell USSR about A Bomb)

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5
Q

When did the Hiroshima and Nagasaki A bombs dropped?

A

August 1945-The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only uses of nuclear weapons in armed conflict.

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6
Q

When did Winston Churchill say the Iron Curtain Speech and what happened?

A

March 1946-Churchill made famous speech to warn about spread of Communism in Europe. Upset Stalin, increased tension

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7
Q

When did the Novikov telegram happen?

A

1946-Long and Novikov telegrams from ambassadors of both sides showed suspicion of one another

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8
Q

When did the Truman doctrine happen and what happened?

A

March 1947-President Truman pledged US support to defend countries from “outside pressures” (Greece 1947). Worsened relations

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9
Q

When did the Marshall plan happen and what happened?

A

1947-Marshall Aid provided money ($17bn) to help Europe recover. Offered to E Europe countries, USSR ordered them not to take it.
Provoked Stalin, increased East-West divide

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10
Q

When did the cominform happen and what happened?

A

1947-Communist information Bureau set up to co-ordinate Communist parties across Europe under the control of the USSR.

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11
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade happen and what happened?

A

June 1948-After new currency in W Berlin Stalin blockaded it to force West out. US refuse to give it up and begin Berlin Airlift. Massive propaganda victory for US, Stalin lifts blockade.

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12
Q

When did the Comecon happen and what happened?

A

1949-Council for Mutual Economic Assistance aimed to co-ordinate Eastern European economies – Stalin’s answer to Marshall Plan

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13
Q

When was NATO set up and what happened?

A

April 1949-China became Communist and USSR developed A Bomb in 1949.
NATO formed as a “defensive alliance”. USSR saw this as a threat.

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14
Q

When was the end of the Berlin Blockade?

A

May 1949-an early crisis of the Cold War comes to an end when the Soviet Union lifts its 11-month blockade against West Berlin. The blockade had been broken by a massive U.S.-British airlift of vital supplies to West Berlin’s two million citizens.

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15
Q

When did USSR test the A bomb?

A

August 1949-At a remote test site at Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan, the USSR successfully detonates its first atomic bomb, code name “First Lightning.” In order to measure the effects of the blast, the Soviet scientists constructed buildings, bridges, and other civilian structures in the vicinity of the bomb.

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16
Q

When did the Korean war happen and what happened?

A

1950-53-US sent troops to help South Korea fight against Communist north.
Shows US willing to fight communism. Clear sign to USSR

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17
Q

When did Stalin die and Khrushchev take power and what happened?

A

1953-Eventually replaced by Khrushchev – de-Stalinisation, criticises Stalin’s policies. Talks of “peaceful co-existence” leads to hope for better relations. Appears less hard-line than Stalin

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18
Q

When was the Warsaw pact treaty signed and what happened?

A

May 1955-USSR’s equivalent of NATO in response to West Germany joining NATO – worsened relations further, increased division

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19
Q

When did the Hungarian uprising happen and what happened?

A

1956-Hungarian Revolution – Imre Nagy becomes new leader and introduced changes. Announces withdrawal from Warsaw Pact.
Ruthless response from USSR, many killed, Nagy executed.

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20
Q

When did the USSR launch Sputnik?

A

1957-The fact that the Soviets were successful fed fears that the U.S. military had generally fallen behind in developing new technology. As a result, the launch of Sputnik served to intensify the arms race and raise Cold War tensions.

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21
Q

When did Khrushchev demand that western troops leave West Berlin?

A

November 1958-On November 10, 1958, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev delivered a speech in which he demanded that the Western powers of the United States, Great Britain and France pull their forces out of West Berlin within six months. This ultimatum sparked a three year crisis over the future of the city of Berlin that culminated in 1961 with the building of the Berlin Wall.

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22
Q

When did the Geneva summit happen?

A

May 1959-Geneva Summit, meeting in Geneva of the leaders of the U.S., France, Britain, and the Soviet Union that sought to end the Cold War. Such issues as disarmament, unification of Germany, and increased economic ties were discussed.

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23
Q

When did the camp David summit happen?

A

September 1959-Khrushchev arrived in the United States on September 15, 1959, for an extended visit and summit with Eisenhower.

24
Q

When did the Paris conference happen?

A

May 1960-The incident was a public relations fiasco for Eisenhower, who was forced to admit that the plane had indeed been spying on Russia. Tensions from the incident were still high when Eisenhower and Khrushchev arrived in Paris to begin a summit meeting on May 16. … Eisenhower’s planned trip to Moscow in June was scrapped.

25
Q

When was Kennedy elected for president?

A

November 1960-The 1960 United States presidential election was the 44th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. In a closely contested election, Democratic United States Senator John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, the Republican Party nominee.

26
Q

When did Kennedy take oath of the President?

A

January 1961

27
Q

When did the Bay of Pigs incident happen?

A

April 1961-The Bay of Pigs invasion begins when a CIA-financed and -trained group of Cuban refugees lands in Cuba and attempts to topple the communist government of Fidel Castro. The attack was an utter failure. … Eisenhower ordered the CIA to train and arm a force of Cuban exiles for an armed attack on Cuba.

28
Q

When did the Vienna conference happen?

A

June 1961-The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961 is an international treaty that defines a framework for diplomatic relations between independent countries.

29
Q

When was the Berlin wall built?

A

August 1961-The official purpose of this Berlin Wall was to keep Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state, but it primarily served the objective of stemming mass defections from East to West.

30
Q

When did the thirteen days’ of the cuban missile crisis happen?

A

October 1962-For thirteen extraordinary days in October of 1962, the world stood on the brink of an unthinkable catastrophe. Across the globe, people anxiously awaited the outcome of a harrowing political, diplomatic and military confrontation that threatened to end in an apocalyptic nuclear exchange between the United States and the Soviet Union.

31
Q

When were hotlines set up?

A

June 1963-On August 30, 1963, John F. Kennedy becomes the first U.S. president to have a direct phone line to the Kremlin in Moscow. The “hotline” was designed to facilitate communication between the president and Soviet premier.

32
Q

When was Kennedy assassinated?

A

November 1963-Kennedy was riding with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally’s wife Nellie when he was fatally shot by former U.S. Marine Lee Harvey Oswald, firing in ambush from a nearby building.

33
Q

When does Brezhnev take power in USSR?

A

1964-When Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, he joined the Red Army as a commissar and rose rapidly through the ranks to become a major general during World War II. Brezhnev was promoted to the Central Committee in 1952 and became a full member of the Politburo in 1957.

34
Q

When did the outer space treaty happen?

A

1967-The Outer Space Treaty, formally the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, is a treaty that forms the basis of international space law.

35
Q

When did Dubcek become leader of Czechoslovakia?

A

January 1968-At the Presidium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in April, Dubček announced a political programme of “socialism with a human face”. … Dubček’s reforms guaranteed freedom of the press, and political commentary was allowed for the first time in mainstream media.

36
Q

When did the Prague Spring happen?

A

1968-Dubcek’s effort to establish “communism with a human face” was celebrated across the country, and the brief period of freedom became known as the Prague Spring. But on August 20, 1968, the Soviet Union answered Dubcek’s reforms with invasion of Czechoslovakia by 600,000 Warsaw Pact troops.

37
Q

When was the nuclear non proliferation Treaty signed?

A

1968-The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons

38
Q

When was Detente?

A

1968-79-Détente (a French word meaning release from tension) is the name given to a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began tentatively in 1971 and took decisive form when President Richard M. Nixon visited the secretary-general of the Soviet Communist party, Leonid I.

39
Q

When did Salt 1 happen?

A

1972-The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks were two rounds of bilateral conferences and corresponding international treaties involving the United States and the Soviet Union, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of arms control.

40
Q

When was the Helsinski Conference happen?

A

1975-The agreement recognized the inviolability of the post-World War II frontiers in Europe and pledged the 35 signatory nations to respect human rights and fundamental freedoms and to cooperate in economic, scientific, humanitarian, and other areas. The Helsinki Accords are nonbinding and do not have treaty status.

41
Q

When did the Appollo mission happen?

A

1975-Apollo–Soyuz was the first international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975. Millions of people around the world watched on television as a United States Apollo module docked with a Soviet Union Soyuz capsule.

42
Q

When did the soviet invasion of Afghanistan happen?

A

December 1979-The Soviet–Afghan War was a conflict wherein insurgent groups, as well as smaller Maoist groups, fought a nine-year guerrilla war against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan government throughout the 1980s, mostly in the Afghan countryside

43
Q

When did the US boycott of the Moscow olympics happen?

A

1980-The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union, which hosted the 1980 Summer Olympics, and its allies would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles

44
Q

When did the end of detente happen

A

1980-85-Détente ended after the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, which led to the United States boycott of the 1980 Olympics, held in Moscow. Ronald Reagan’s election as president in 1980, based in large part on an anti-détente campaign, marked the close of détente and a return to Cold War tensions.

45
Q

When does Reagan become President?

A

1981

46
Q

When did Reagan’s ‘Evil Empire’ speech happen?

A

March 1983-The “Evil Empire” speech was a speech delivered by U.S. President Ronald Reagan to the National Association of Evangelicals in 1983 during the Cold War. In that speech, Reagan referred to the Soviet Union as an “evil empire” and as “the focus of evil in the modern world”.

47
Q

When did Reagan propose SDI ‘Star Wars’?

A

1983-The Strategic Defense Initiative, nicknamed the “Star Wars program”, was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons.

48
Q

When did USSR boycott US olympics?

A

1984-Claiming that its athletes will not be safe from protests and possible physical attacks, the Soviet Union announces that it will not compete in the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles.

49
Q

When did Gorbachev come to power?

A

1985-the Politburo unanimously elected Gorbachev as his successor; they wanted him over another elderly leader. He thus became the eighth leader of the Soviet Union. Few in the government imagined that he would be as radical a reformer as he proved.

50
Q

When did the Geneva summit happen?

A

November 1985-The Geneva Summit of 1985 was a Cold War-era meeting in Geneva, Switzerland. It was held on November 19 and 20, 1985, between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. The two leaders met for the first time to hold talks on international diplomatic relations and the arms race

51
Q

When did Chernobyl happen?

A

April 1986-The April 1986 disaster at the Chernobyla nuclear power plant in Ukraine was the product of a flawed Soviet reactor design coupled with serious mistakes made by the plant operatorsb. … The accident destroyed the Chernobyl 4 reactor, killing 30 operators and firemen within three months and several further deaths later.

52
Q

When did the Reykjavik summit happen?

A

October 1986-The Reykjavík Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. president Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, held in Reykjavík, Iceland, on 11–12 October 1986.

53
Q

When did INF happen?

A

December 1987-The agreement, signed in December 1987 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, limited both nations from fielding both “short range” and “intermediate range” land-based ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and missile launchers that could be used to house

54
Q

When did the United Nations conference happen?

A

1988

55
Q

When did the fall of the berlin wall happen?

A

November 1989-The fall of the Berlin Wall (German: Mauerfall) on 9 November 1989 was a pivotal event in world history which marked the falling of the Iron Curtain and the start of the fall of communism in Eastern and Central Europe.

56
Q

When did the Warsaw pact end and Soviet Union dissolve?

A

1991-After 36 years, the Warsaw Pact — a military alliance between the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites — was effectively dissolved on this day in 1991 as Soviet military commanders announced they had relinquished control of Warsaw Pact forces.

History GCSE (4 decks)

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