Common ancestry and phylogeny

Question 1

what forms the basis of metabolism in every life form?

Answer 1

The carboxylic acids of the TCA cycle (Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle)

Question 2

what supplies energy for life?

Answer 2

ATP

Question 3

what is the function of enzymes?

Answer 3

catalyses reactions

Question 4

what is the function of nucleic acids?

Answer 4

store and manipulate information

Question 5

what are the function of ribosomes?

Answer 5

use the information in nucleic acids to direct the construction of proteins

Question 6

what are membranes?

Answer 6

lipid bilayers with characteristic structures – compartmentalise

Question 7

who came up with the idea of nested heirarchy?

Answer 7

Karl Linnaeus

Question 8

how many plants and animals fit into the nested heirarchy?

Answer 8

6000 plant, 4200 animals

Question 9

what were the layers of the orignal nested heirarchy?

Answer 9

• class
• order
• genus
• species

Question 10

what are the layers of the latest taxonomy heirachy?

Answer 10

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 11

how to remember the taxonomy layers?

Answer 11

dirty kirsty pulled clive over for good sex

Question 12

what is the species name of cats?

Answer 12

catus

Question 13

what is the genus names for cats?

Answer 13

felis

Question 14

what is the family name for cats?

Answer 14

felidae

Question 15

what is the order name for cats?

Answer 15

carnivora

Question 16

what is the class name for cats?

Answer 16

mammalia

Question 17

what is the phylum name for cats?

Answer 17

chordates

Question 18

why does taxonomy work?

Answer 18

common decent

Question 19

what do similar organisms have?

Answer 19

a recent common ancestor

Question 20

what do dissimilar organisms have?

Answer 20

common ancestor in the distant past

Question 21

what are the 4 pieces of evidence for common decent?

Answer 21

• Biochemical, genetic, cytological
• Taxonomic (categorization or classification or animals)
• Biogeographical (distribution of species)
• Palaeontological (fossils)

Question 21

what does LUCA stand for?

Answer 21

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Question 22

define taxonomy

Answer 22

the branch of science concerned with classification, especially of organisms; systematics.

Question 23

define phylogeny

Answer 23

A phylogenetic tree, also known as a phylogeny, is a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor.

Question 24

how do we create phylogenic trees?

Answer 24

by considering similarities between organisms:
- similarities we can see (types of teeth or bones or feathers)
- molecular similarities between proteins or gene sequences.

Question 25

what is a node in a phylogenic tree?

Answer 25

either the ends of branches or the junctions where branches meet

Question 26

what did Carl Woese propose about archaea?

Answer 26

propose them as a new domain of life: instead of prokaryotes and eukaryotes (the distinction your textbook uses) life should be divided into eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea (due to there unusual features)