Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Common Drugs > Flashcards

Common Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Give 3 types of Anticholesterol Drugs?

A
  1. Statins
  2. Fibrates
  3. PCSK 9 inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give an example of a statin

A

Simvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do statins work?

A

They block HMG CoA reductase (an enzyme the liver uses to make cholesterol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What conditions are statins used for?

A 
Hypercholesterolaemia
Diabetes
Angina/MI
CVA/TIA
People at high risk of MI/CVA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are side effects of statins?

A 
Myopathy 
Rhabdomyolysis (renal failure, very rare)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of a fibrate?

A

Bezafibrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What condition is fibrates used for?

A

Hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give 2 examples of PCSK 9 inhibitors

A

Alirocumab

Evolocumab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What condition are PCSK 9 inhibitors used for?

A

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do PCSK 9 inhibitors work?

A

They inhibit the binding of PCSK to LDLR, increasing the number of LDLRs available to clear LDL, thereby lowering LDL-C levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name some Anti Hypertensive Drugs

A 
Diuretics
Beta Blockers
Calcium Antagonists 
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) 
Alpha Blockers 
Mineralcorticoid antagonists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do Diuretics work?

A

They block Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are they 2 types of diuretics?

A
  1. Thiazide diuretics

2. Loop diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give an example of a thiazide diuretic

A

Bendrofluazide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are thiazide diuretics used?

A

In hypertension

Mild diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give an example of a Loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are loop diuretics used?

A

In Heart Failure

Stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some side effects of diuretics?

A 
Hypokalaemia (tiredness)
Arrhythmias 
Hyperglycaemia in diabetes
Increased uric acid leading to gout 
Impotence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

They block B1 and B2 adrenoceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two types of Beta blockers?

A
  1. Cardioselective beta blockers

2. Non selective beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Example of Cardioselective beta blockers?

A

Atenolol

Bisoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do Cardioselective beta blockers work?

A

They only block B1 adrenoceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When are Cardioselective beta blockers used?

A 
Angina
Acute Coronary syndrome
MI
Hypertension
Heart Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do non-selective beta blockers work?

A

They block B1 and B2 adrenoceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Example of non-selective beta blockers?

A

Propanolol

Carvedilol (A and B blocker)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When are non-selective beta blockers used?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

Migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Side effects of Beta blockers?

A

Asthma (Don’t give to asthmatic patients)
Tired
Cold peripheries
Heart failure (B blockers can worsen heart failure in short term)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the two classes of calcium antagonists?

A
  1. Dihydropyridines

2. Rate limiting calcium antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When are Dihydropyridines used?

A

Hypertension

Angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Give an example of a dihydropyridine

A

Amlodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Side effects of dihydropyridines?

A

Ankle oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When are Rate limiting calcium antagonists used?

A

Hypertension
Angina
Supraventricular arrhythmias (AF, SVT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Give an example of a rate limiting calcium antagonists

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem

34
Q

How do Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors used?

A

They block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II

35
Q

Example of a ACE inhibitor?

A

Lisinopril

36
Q

When are ACE inhibitors used?

A

Hypertension

Heart failure

37
Q

When are ACE inhibitors not used?

A

In patients with renal artery stenosis

In pregnancy induced hypertension

38
Q

Side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

Cough
Renal dysfunction
Angioneurotic Oedema

39
Q

Give an example of an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker

A

Losartan

40
Q

How do ARB’s work?

A

Block angiotensin II receptors

41
Q

When are ARB’s used

A

Hypertension

Heart failure

42
Q

When are ARB’s not used?

A

Patients with renal artery stenosis

Pregnancy induced hypertension

43
Q

Side effects of ARB’s

A

Renal dysfunction

No cough

44
Q

Give an example of alpha blockers?

A

Doxazosin

45
Q

How do alpha blockers work?

A

They block alpha adrenoceptors to cause vasodilatation

46
Q

When are alpha blockers used?

A

Hypertension

Prostatic hypertrophy

47
Q

Side effects of alpha blockers?

A

Postural hypotension

48
Q

Give an example fo Minerlocorticoid antagonists

A

Spironolactone

Eplerenone

49
Q

How do Mineralocorticoid antagonists work?

A

They block aldosterone receptors

50
Q

When are mineralocorticoid antagonists used?

A

Heart failure

Resistant hypertension

51
Q

Side effects of mineralocorticoid antagonists

A

Gynaecomastia
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment

52
Q

Give an example of a nitrate

A

Isosorbide mononitrate

GTN

53
Q

When are nitrates used?

A

Angina

Acute heart failure

54
Q

Side effects of nitrates?

A

Headache

Hypotension/collapse

55
Q

What is common in the use of nitrates and how is it avoided?

A

Tolerance is common. Leave 8hr/day nitrate free to avoid this i.e. give in the morning/early afternoon so nitrate is out of the system by evening

56
Q

How does Ivabradine work?

A

Is an If channel modulator in the sinus node. Slows heart rate only in sinus rhythm

57
Q

When will ivabradine not work?

A

In Atrial Fibrillation

58
Q

Side effect of Ivabradine

A

Visual disturbance

59
Q

How does Ranolazine work?

A

A late sodium channel modulator. Decreases calcium load on the heart

60
Q

When is ranolazine used?

A

In refractory angina

61
Q

What are the two types of Anti thrombotic drugs?

A
  1. Antiplatelets

2. Anticoagulants

62
Q

Examples of Antiplatelets

A

Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
Prasugrel

63
Q

How do anti platelets work?

A

They prevent a new thrombus from forming

64
Q

When are anti platelets used?

A

Angina
Acute MI
CVA/TIA
High risk patients of CVA/MI

65
Q

Side effects of anti platelets?

A

Haemorrhage anywhere
Peptic ulcer –> haemorrhage
Aspirin sensitivity

66
Q

Examples of anticoagulants?

A

Heparin (IV only)

Warfarin (oral only)

67
Q

How does Warfarin work?

A

It blocks clotting factors 2, 7, 9, 10

68
Q

How are the effects of anticoagulants reversed?

A

By administering Vitamin K

69
Q

Side effects of Anticoagulants

A

Haemorrhage anywhere

70
Q

When are anticoagulants used?

A

DVT
PE
NSTEMI
AF

71
Q

How do fibrinolytic drugs work?

A

They dissolve the formed clot

72
Q

Example of fibrinolytic drugs?

A

Streptokinase

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

73
Q

When are fibrinolytic drugs used?

A 
STEMI
PE (only certain cases)
CVA (only certain cases)
74
Q

Side effects of fibrinolytic drugs?

A

Haemorrhage

75
Q

When are Fibrinolytic drugs avoided?

A 
Recent haemorrhage (some CVAs)
Trauma
Bleeding tendencies
Severe diabetic retinopathy 
Peptic ulcer
76
Q

How does Digoxin work?

A
  1. Blocks AV conduction –> producing a degree of conduction delay
  2. Increases ventricular irritability which produced ventricular arrhythmias (always bad)
77
Q

When is digoxin used?

A

Good in AF

78
Q

Effects of digoxin toxicity?

A

Nausea, vomiting
Yellow vision
Bradycardia, heart block
Ventricular arrhythmias

79
Q

Example of Neprilysin inhibitors?

A

Salcubitril valsartan

80
Q

How do neprilysin inhibitors work?

A

ARB and endopeptidase inhibitors

81
Q

Side effects of neprilysin inhibitors?

A

Hypotension
Renal impairment
Hyperkalaemia
Angioneurotic oedema

Cardiovascular (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions