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Computing > Communication and networking > Flashcards

Communication and networking Flashcards

1
Q

What is HTTPS

A

secure hyper text transfer protocol

a secure version of HTTP that uses public private key encryption

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2
Q

What is HTTP

A

hyper text transfer protocol

it handles the transmission of data and files across the internet
(as well as the format of the data)

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3
Q

What is FTP

A

file transfer protocol

used to transfer files between computers, often from a server with a large repository of files.

can be anonymous or non-anonymous, and can require a password

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4
Q

What is SSH

A

secure shell protocol

allows someone to gain access to a computer, remotely.

it is secure.

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5
Q

what is SMTP

A

simple mail transfer protocol

used for sending emails, usually on port 25 or 587

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6
Q

what is POP3

A

Post office protocol

used for checking incoming emails. It creates a text file and appends any new mail to it. This is then sent to a client as well as formatted beforehand.

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7
Q

What is IMAP

A

Internet Mail Access Protocol.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an application layer protocol that operates as a contract for receiving emails from the mail server

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8
Q

What is serial transmission

A

data is transmitted one bit at a time, down a single wire

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9
Q

What is parallel transmission

A

data is transmitted several bits at a time, using multiple wire

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10
Q

What is bandwidth

A

a measure of the capacity of the channel down which data is sent(Hz)

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11
Q

What is bit rate

A

the rate at which data is actually being transmitted.

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12
Q

What is baud rate

A

The number of electronic state changes per second.

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13
Q

What is latency

A

The time delay between transmitting data between devices

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14
Q

What is synchronous data transmission

A

When devices are sharing a common clock signal, and it is sent on the pulse of the clock.

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15
Q

What is asynchronous data transmission

A

When data is shared between devices that do not share a common clock signal

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16
Q

How does asynchronous data transmission work?

A

The start bit is sent to the receiver, telling it to synchronise their clocks.
they agree on the amount of data will follow
The stop bit indicates data has arrived and that it can be processed.

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17
Q

What is a MAC address

A

a media access control address.
A unique code that identifies a particular device on a network.

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18
Q

What is RTS/CTS

A

a protocol to ensure data does not collide when being transmitted on wireless networks

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19
Q

What is an SSID

A

a service set identifier
A local unique 32 character code, that identifies a device on a wireless network.

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20
Q

What is WPA/WPA2

A

a protocol for encrypting data, and ensuring security on wifi networks.

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21
Q

What is the internet

A

a global network of networks

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22
Q

What is a URL?

A

a uniform resource locator. A method for identifying the location of resources on the internet

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23
Q

What is an IP address?

A

a unique number that identifies devices on a network.

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24
Q

What is a DNS

A

A domain name server
a server that contains names and associated IP addresses

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25
Q

What is a port?

A

a way of identifying a particular process application, on a network. Port number is a 16 bit number, known by the IP address

26
Q

What is SSH

A

secure shell protocol
a protocol for remote access, to computers.

27
Q

what is a DNS system

A

a system of connected DNS that provide the IP address of every website on the internet

28
Q

What is a socket

A

an endpoint of communication flow across a computer network

29
Q

What is subnet masking?

A

a method of dividing a network into multiple smaller networks.
The two parts are the network identifier and the host identifier.

30
Q

How do computers identify if they are on the same subnet?

A

The networks are converted to binary and a subnet mask is applied. A logical and is applied and then the result is the subnet it belongs to.

31
Q

What is IPv4

A

IP addresses consisting of four parts, which each are assigned one byte, allowing over 4 billion IP addresses.

32
Q

What is IPv6

A

IP addresses consisting of 8 blocks seperated by colons. Each block contains four hexadecimal characters. using 128 bits, allowing many more addresses.

33
Q

What is DHCP

A

a set of rules for allocating unique IP addresses to devices, as they connect to a network. This is for dynamic IP addresses.

34
Q

What is an internet registry.

A

An organisation that allocate and administer domain names, and IP addresess.

35
Q

What is a regional internet registry?

A

a large organisation, that allocate and administer domain names, around the world.

36
Q

What is a packet

A

a block of data being transmitted.

37
Q

What is routing?

A

The process of directing packets of data between networks.

38
Q

What is packet switching?

A

a method for transmitting packets of data via the quickest route on a network.

39
Q

What are the parts of a packet?

A

HEADER
contains the mac address the sender and receivers IP.
The protocol and the packet number
BODY
the actual data
FOOTER
the checksum

40
Q

What is a checksum

A

a method of checking the integrity of data, by calculating a sum using the data that has been sent

41
Q

What is a firewall?

A

hardware or software that prevents unauthorised access, to a network.

42
Q

What is packet filtering?

A

examining the contents of packets on a network, and rejecting them if they do not conform to certain rules.

43
Q

What is Stateful inspection?

A

A technique for examining packets and rejecting them if they do not form part of a recognised communication.

44
Q

What is a proxy server

A

a server used to pass all packets through so they can be checked before they can alter a main server

45
Q

What is symmetric encryption?

A

Where the sender and receiver, both use the same key to encrypt and decrypt data.

46
Q

What is Asymmetric encryption, and how does it work?

A

Where a public and private key are used to encrypt and decrypt data.
If data is being sent from A to B, both A and B have a public and private key.
A encrypts the data using B’s public key, which can only be decrypted using B’s private key.

47
Q

What is a digital certificate?

A

A method of ensuring that an encrypted message is from a trusted source as they have a certificate from a Certification Authority.

48
Q

What is a digital signature?

A

A method of ensuring that an encrypted message is from a trusted source, as they have a unique encrypted signature, verified by a certification authority.

49
Q

What is a trojan?

A

Malware hidden within another file on your computer.

50
Q

What is a virus

A

an umbrella term for malware that attaches itself to another file in order to infect a computer

51
Q

What is a worm

A

malware that replicates itself inside a computer system.

52
Q

What are the layers of TCP/IP and how do they work?

A

LAYER 4 - THE APPLICATION LAYER
handles the domain name, and other protocols such as FTP POP3 etc.
LAYER 3 - TRANSPORT LAYER
contains most of the communication associated with the transmission, that ensures all packets have arrived, and that there are no errors in the packets.
LAYER 2 - NETWORK/INTERNET LAYER
defines the IP address of devices that send and receive data, and handles creation and routing of packets being sent and received.
LAYER 1 - LINK LAYER
Provides synchronisation of devices, so that the receiving device can manage the flow of data being received.
Also controls data transmission rates and physical connections.

53
Q

What is TCP/IP

A

a set of protocols for network transmissions.

54
Q

What is an API

A

Application program interface. A set of subroutines that enable one program to interface with another program.

55
Q

What is a websocket protocol?

A

a set of rules that create a persistent connection between two computers on a network, to allow real time collaboration.

56
Q

What is CRUD

A

an acronym that defines the main jobs of a database
Create, Receive, Update, Delete.

57
Q

What is REST

A

representational state transfer

58
Q

What is JSON

A

a standard format for transmitting data

59
Q

What is XML

A

extensible mark up language.
A method of defining data formats for data that will be transferred around a network.

60
Q

What is a thin client

A

A computer that depends heavily on a more powerful server, to fulfil processing needs.

61
Q

What is a thick client

A

A computer that does not need a server to handle its processing.

62
Q

What is a terminal

A

A computer with little or no processing power, and used as a client in a client server model.

Computing (8 decks)

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