Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Yr 2 > Component 1 Topic Test > Flashcards

Component 1 Topic Test Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of biodiversity

A

Variety of species present in an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of species

A

A group of organisms which share a large number of common characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Definition of population

A

All the organisms, of a particular species, in a particular location at one time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of community

A

All of the organisms, of all species, living in one location at one time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Definition of ecosystem

A

A characteristic community of independent species and their habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Definition of habitat

A

The location in which an organism lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of a niche

A

The role of a particular species in its ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Definition of ecology

A

The study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of an environment

A

The physical and biological conditions under which an organisms lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of biotic

A

The biological components of an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of abiotic

A

The non-biological components in an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Population will increase if

A

Reproductive rate + immigration > death rate + emigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of density dependent

A

Factors that depend on population density, slow down but don’t end population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of density independent factors

A

Factors that do not depend on population density and can cause population crash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the lag phase

A

Slow increase in population as reproductive rate is only slightly higher than death rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the exponential phase

A

Rapid increase in population as there are few limiting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the stationary phase

A

Reproductive rate and death rate are balanced at equilibrium. Population has reached carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is death phase

A

Death rate exceeds reproductive rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reasons species are threatened

A

Natural selection, loss of habitat, over hunting by humans, competition from introduced species (domestic), pollution, loss of hedgerows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Methods of conservation

A

Nature reserves, restrictions on trade, breeding programs, sperm /seed banks, reintroductions, pollution control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is agricultural exploitation

A

Conflict between farming efficiency and conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pesticides agricultural exploitation

A 
\+reduces damage and disease
\+reduces competition 
\+increases yield
-require huge amounts of fossil fuels to make, transport and apply
-decreases biodiversity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Artificial fertilisers agricultural exploitation

A

+constant growth of most valuable crop
+increases yield
-can cause eutrophication
-reduces biodiversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Removal of hedgerow agricultural exploitation

A 
\+more land=more crops
\+reduces labour costs
\+allows machines to work efficiently 
-loss of habitat
-no wildlife corridors
-populations can inbreed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Drainage of water meadows agricultural exploitation

A

+more land can be farmed
+irrigation can prevent excess water=no root rot
+more fertile soil=aerobic nitrifying bacteria
-loss of wetland habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Monoculture agricultural exploitation

A

+increased efficiency
+crop with best profit can be widely grown
+reliable yield
-reduces biodiversity
-reduces genetic diversity=outbreak of pest or disease can cause quick spread and heavy damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Reasons for deforestation

A

Agriculture, logging, development, subsistence farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How to manage forestry

A

coppicing trees- trees are cut short and regrow shoots
selective cutting- large trees only, increase biodiv
long rotation time
clear felling and replanting- leaves clear area for biodiv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How to combat overfishing

A

Exclusion zones, Removing subsides, Quotas, Reducing vessels, Reducing fishing time, Controlling mesh size, Eating MSC fish, Eating non-traditional fish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Negative effects of fish farming on the environment

A

Eutrophication, out competes fishermen, large carbon footprint, impact on food webs, disease to wild fish, surrounded by toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Positive effect of fish farming

A

Food security, employment, makes fish more affordable, lessening the impact on some large fish

32
Q

Examples of environmental countermeasures

A

Tunnels under roads for hedgehogs, re routing roads to avoid high biodiversity areas, sowing field margins with wild flowers for pollination, placing best boxes, avoiding areas with high bird and bat use for wind turbines

33
Q

Which planetary boundaries have been crossed?

A

Biodiversity integrity, biogeochemical flows (nitrogen and phosphate), climate change, land system changed

34
Q

Which planetary boundaries are unknown/ not quantified

A

Atmosphere aerosols, novel entities (inorganic pollution)

35
Q

Which planetary boundaries have not been crossed?

A

Fresh water use, ocean acidification, ozone depletion (only one avoided)

36
Q

Why are food chains usually small

A

Insufficient energy available to support further trophic levels

37
Q

Why would it be more energy efficient to eat plants rather than animals

A

Energy is lost in animals through heat, waste, respiration

Fewer trophic levels mean more energy available for us

38
Q

What is a planetary boundary

A

Threshold value for a global process that can be affected by humanity
Past this threshold the global process is not stable and can cause irreversible damage

39
Q

What is intra-specific competition

A

Competition within species
Can be a necessary limiting factor of a population
Key factor in the evolution of a species

40
Q

What is inter-specific competition

A

Competition between individuals of different species
Only occurs when niche overlaps
More niches that overlap, the more competition will occur

41
Q

Describe some features of predator-prey relationships

A

Less predators than prey (energy flow)
Predator fluctuations are smaller
Predator fluctuations lag behind prey fluctuations

42
Q

What is carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of a population that can be sustained by a given environment

Theoretical, populations fluctuate around this number

43
Q

What is a population growth curve

A

An S shaped curve showing the lag, exponential and stationary phases

44
Q

What is environmental resistance

A

Environmental factors that slow down population growth

45
Q

What is emigration

A

Movement of individuals out of a population of the same species

One M

46
Q

What is immigration

A

Movements of individuals into a population of the same species

Two M’s

47
Q

What is equilibrium species

A

Species that control their population by competition rather than reproduction and dispersal

48
Q

What is Net Primary Productivity

A

The amount of energy in a plant’s biomass, after respiration losses, which is available to consumers.

49
Q

What is Gross Primary Productivity

A

The rate of production of chemical energy in organic molecules by photosynthesis in a given area, in a given time

50
Q

How to measure photosynthetic efficiency

A

(GPP/ Quantity of light energy falling on a plant) x 100

51
Q

What is the typical value of photosynthetic efficiency?

A

1-2%

52
Q

What do food chains not show

A

All the species at each trophic level
Decomposers or detritivores
Omnivores or other species feeding at several trophic levels

53
Q

What are ways energy is lost through transfer of energy

A

Not all tissue is eaten
Some tissue are indigestible so are egested
Lost through respiration
Lost in excretory products

54
Q

Why are herbivores less efficient than carnivores

A

Cellulose is more difficult to digest than protein
More energy in faeces of a herbivore than a carnivore
More energy is used during the digestive process

55
Q

What are the different stages in succession

A

Seres

56
Q

What is the first organism which colonise

A

Pioneer

57
Q

What is secondary Productivity

A

The rate at which consumers accumulate energy in the form of cells or tissue

58
Q

What are the two types of bacterial cell wall

A

Gram-positive

Gram-negative

59
Q

What is a gram-positive bacteria’s cell wall

A

A think layer consisting of peptidoglycan

60
Q

What is a gram-negative bacteria’s cell wall

A

A thin layer consisting of peptidoglycan covered by a layer containing lipopolysaccharides

61
Q

Spell what a bacteria’s cell wall is made of

A

Pep tido glycan

62
Q

What is succession?

A

Change in structure in a community over time due to change in environmental abiotic factors

63
Q

What is a climax community?

A

A stable community which reached equilibrium and has no further succession

64
Q

What are the steps of a Gram stain

A
  • Crystal violet
  • Lugol’s iodine
  • Decolorise with acetone
  • Counterstain with safranin
65
Q

What colour will gram-positive cells appear after acetone

A

Will retain dye

Look blue-black

66
Q

What colour will gram-negative cells appear after acetone

A

Decolourised

Clear

67
Q

What colour will gram-positive appear after counter stain of safranin

A

Purple

Do not retain new dye

68
Q

What colour will gram-negative appear after counter stain of safranin

A

Red

Retains new counter stain

69
Q

What are the three main types of bacteria classified by shape

A

Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum

69
Q

What are the three shapes of coccus

A

Staphylococci
Diplococci
Streptococci

70
Q

What are obligate aerobes

A

Microorganisms that require oxygen for metabolism at all times

71
Q

What are obligate anaerobes

A

Microorganisms find oxygen toxic as it inhibits respiration

72
Q

What are facultative anaerobes

A

Can survive without oxygen but grow rapidly in its presence

73
Q

What is a total count

A

Includes both living and dead cells

74
Q

What is a viable count

A

Includes only living cells

75
Q

What is sterile dilution

A

The assumption that live cells that can reproduce to form a colony
Assumed that 1 bacteria gives rise to 1 colony

76
Q

What does peptidoglycan prevent

A

Osmotic lysis

Biology Yr 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions