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Biochemistry > Compound Lipids > Flashcards

Compound Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Compound lipids are

A

esters of fatty acids groups in addition to an alcohol and a fatty acid

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2
Q

Compound lipids include

A

phospholipids
glycolipids
lipoporteins

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3
Q

Phospholipids are an

A

amphipathic molecule

has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

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4
Q

Phospholipids act as barriers to

A

the passage of polar molecules and ions

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5
Q

Phospholipids are classified according to alcohol content into:

A

glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids

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6
Q

Glycerophospholipids

A

alcohol is glycerol

composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate groups, and an alcohol amine

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7
Q

Sphingophospholipids

A

alcohol is sphingosine

they are composed of sphingosine alcohol + 1 fatty acid + phosphate + choline

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8
Q

Phosphatidic acid is

A

a dicylglycerol DAG + phosphate

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9
Q

What are the most abundant phospholipids of the cell membrane?

A

phosphatidylcholines (lecithin)

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10
Q

Choline is important in

A

nervous transmission

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11
Q

Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin) is an

A

active factor of coagulation mechanism (clotting)

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12
Q

Phosphatidylserine plays a role in

A

apoptosis

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13
Q

Phosphatidylinositol (Lipositol) is a

A

precursor of 2nd messenger IP3 , it serves as a reservoir of arachidonic acid in membranes

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14
Q

Phosphatidylglycerol is a precursor of

A

cardiolipin

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15
Q

Cardiolipin is a major

A

lipid of mitochondrial membranes

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16
Q

What causes mitochondrial dysfunction?

A

Decreased cardiolipin levels or alterations in its structure or metabolism

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17
Q

Plasmalogens are

A

glycerophospholipids that possess an ether link on carbon one instead of the ester

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18
Q

Plasmalogens are abundant

A

in nerve tissue

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19
Q

Plasmalogens constitute as much as

A

10% of the phospholipids of the brain and muscle

20
Q

Sphingomyelins are phospholipids with

A

sphingosine + FA+ phosphorylcholine

21
Q

Sphingophospholipids are constituents of

A

mylein sheaths that are found in the brain and nerve tissue

22
Q

Where do glycolipids largely occur?

A

in the outer face of plasma membranes

23
Q

Glycolipids are derivatives of

A

ceramide that is found in all membranes

24
Q

What is ceramide?

A

sphingosine + FA

25
Q

Ceramides play a key role in

A

maintaining the skin’s water-permeability barrier

26
Q

Neutral glycosphingolipids

A

cerebrosides

globosides

27
Q

Cerebrosides have

A

single sugar + ceramide

28
Q

Galactosylceramide

A

galactose + ceramide

found in myelin

29
Q

Glucosylceramide

A

glucose + ceramide

found in the plasma membranes of cells in non neural tissues

30
Q

Globosides contain

A

ceramide and oligosaccharides present in the heart and kidney

31
Q

Acidic glycosphingolipids are

They have 2 types:

A

negatively charged at physiological pH

gangliosides and sulfatides

32
Q

Gangliosides

A

the most complex glycosphingolipids and are found primarily in the ganglion cells of the CNS

33
Q

Sulfatides

A

sufloglycosphingolipids that are sulfated galactocerebrosides
-primarily found in the brain and kidneys

34
Q

Lipoproteins consist of

A

nonpolar lipid core consisting of mainly triacylglycerol and chloesteryl ester

35
Q

Lipoproteins also consist of a

A

single layer of amphipathic phospholipids and cholesterol molecules

36
Q

The protein moiety of a lipoprotein is known as a

A

apolipoprotein or apoprotein

37
Q

Chylomicrons are

A

the largest of the lipoproteins and the least dense because of their rich triacylglycerol content

38
Q

Chylomicrons characteristics

A
  • synthesized from dietary lipids in the intestine

- contain apo A, B48, C and E

39
Q

The partially hydrolyzed chylomicrons remaining in the bloodstream are

A

chylomicron remnants

40
Q

VLDL

meaning + function

A

very low density lipoproteins

-secreted from the liver into the bloodstream

41
Q

VLDL remnants are

A

the residual particles remaining in the bloodstream

42
Q

IDL is?

A 
Intermediate-density lipoproteins
-specialized class of VLDL remnants
43
Q

LDL is

A

low density lipoporteins

-generated from IDL

44
Q

____ of the LDL is transported back to the __

A

60%, liver

45
Q

HDL ?

A

high density lipoproteins involved in cholesterol transport

Biochemistry (25 decks)

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