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History - French Revolution > Consitutional Monarchy: Reforming France 1789-92 > Flashcards

Consitutional Monarchy: Reforming France 1789-92 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 6 key areas the reforms of 1789-92 focused on?

A 
Local government
Taxation and finance
Economy
Legal system
Church
Constitution
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2
Q

Under the reforms, how many departments, districts and communes was France divided into?

A

83, 547 and 43,360

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3
Q

How many sections was Paris divided into?

A

48

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4
Q

What was the minimum amount of tax you would have paid to be an active citizen

A

3 days of labour

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5
Q

How many Frenchmen were passive citizens in 1790?

A

4.3 million

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6
Q

How much tax did you have to pay to be able to stand for the National Assembly

A

54 days of Manual labour

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7
Q

What was the role of the councils in 1790? [5]

A 
Assess and collect tax
Maintain law and order
Carry out public works
Upkeep of Churchs
Control the National Guard
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8
Q

Why were the councils in rural areas often inefficient?

A

There wasn’t enough literate men to fill the council so many couldn’t read or write

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9
Q

When was Church land nationalised?

A

2nd November 1789

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10
Q

What were the 3 main reasons for nationalising Church land?

A
  • Provide money for the government
  • Guarantee the success of the revolution as the landowners would have vested interests
  • Ensure the support of the clergy
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11
Q

Of the 25% of Church land bought in 1799, what was the social breakdown?

A

52% peasants

48% bourgeois

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12
Q

What was the contribution fonciere?

A

A land tax from which there were no exemptions or special privileges?

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13
Q

What was the contribution mobiliere?

A

A tax on movable goods, such as grain, payable by active citizens

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14
Q

What was the patente?

A

A tax on commercial profits

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15
Q

When was the new financial system introduced?

A

January 1791

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16
Q

What was the difference in tax paid by citizens in Seine-et-Marne and citizens in Ariege

A

Those in Seine-et-Marne paid 5 times as much

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17
Q

Why did the new tax system benefit the poor?

A

The burden of taxation fell on producers rather than consumers

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18
Q

In terms of trade, what did the majority of Assembly deputies believe in?

A

Laissez-faire

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19
Q

Why did the people not like the laissez-fairs approach from the government?

A

They wanted the price and distribution of goods to be controllers, to avoid scarcity, high prices and potential starvation

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20
Q

When were guilds abolished?

A

1791

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21
Q

What did Le Chapeliers law state in June 1791

A

Bargaining and strikes were made illegal

Trade unions banned

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22
Q

The Church had been in charge of relief. Why did the Assembly not take up this role?

A

There was 2 million people that needed relief and so it would have cost too much money

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23
Q

When was the legal system changed?

A

16th August 1790

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24
Q

What 3 things did the Legal system reforms abolish?

A
  • different types of law in the north and south
  • different types of law court
  • letters de cachet
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25
Q

What did the new legal system reforms introduce? [3]

A
  • serious civil cases dealt in district courts
  • criminal court in each department
  • all judges elected and must have been a lawyer for 5 years
26
Q

What was done to make the penal code more humane? [2]

A

Torture and mutilation abolished

Guilotine introduce in March 1792

27
Q

What features did the Assembly want of the Church? [4]

A

Free from absenteeism
Free from foreign control
Linked closesy to the state to strengthen the revolution
Linked to the new local government system

28
Q

When was the CCC approved?

A

12th April 1790

29
Q

What were the key terms of the CCC? [5]

A
  • Each department formed a single diocese
  • Popes appointments not recognised unless approved by the Assembly
  • All priests and bishops elected
  • Priests paid by the state
  • No absenteeism (15 days)
30
Q

What did the Church ask for following the CCC and why was it rejected?

A

Reforms put to a national synod.

Rejected as it gave the Church back the power they had just taken away

31
Q

Why was the Pope slow to give his verdict on the CCC?

A

Busy discussing the status of Avignon

32
Q

When was the Oath of Loyalty issued and what proportion of the clergy took the oath?

A

27th November 1790. 55%

33
Q

Following the Oath of Loyalty, what two churches were there?

A

Constitutional church - those who took the oath but not recognised by the Pope

Non-juries Church - refractory priests

34
Q

What measures were taken against the refractory priests and when?

A

27th May 1792. If 20 people denounced them, they could be deported

35
Q

How many members would the new legislative assembly have?

A

745

36
Q

What were the constraints of the constitution on the King? [3]

A
  • had the right to appoint his ministers
  • suspensive veto on all things not financial for 4 years
  • dependent on the Assembly for his foreign policy
37
Q

What did you have to do to join the Jacobins? How many members were there by July 1790?

A

Pay a high entrance fee

1200

38
Q

What was Jacobin ideology based on?

A

A combination of enlightenment thought and revolutionary practice

39
Q

In 1792, what did the Jacobins favour and who became the leading man?

A

Increased centralisation to protect the republic

Robespierre

40
Q

By the end of 1793, how many Jacobin clubs were there?

A

2000

41
Q

When was the Cordelier’s founded?

A

April 1790

42
Q

What 3 main things did the Cordelier’s stand for?

A
  • direct democracy
  • Against active and passive citizens
  • The right to rebel
43
Q

Who were the 4 most prominent leaders?

A

Brissot, Hebert, Danton and Desmoulins

44
Q

Why was there disillusionment amongst the sans-culottes? [3]

A

They had been responsible for the Bastille and October days yet had no reward
They were passive citizens
Suffered from inflation

45
Q

What happened to grain prices in 1791?

A

Rose by 50% due to a poor harvest

46
Q

When and what was the Flight to Varennes?

A

Louis fleeing Paris to put himself in a stronger position to negotiate the Constitution
Fled on the 20th June 1791
Spotted and returned on night of 21-22nd June

47
Q

Why was the flight to Varennes significant? [3]

A
  • Showed that Louis didn’t understand the popularity of the reforms from 1789-92
  • Undermined the credibility of the Constitution
  • Support for a republic started to grow
48
Q

What happened on 24th June

A

30,000 marched to the National Assembly to show a petition from the Cordelier’s for the Kings removal from office

49
Q

What happened as a result of the Flight to Varennes?

A

On 16th July, the Assembly suspended him until the Constitution was complete. 290 abstained from the vote as they thought it was too far

50
Q

Why did the Jacobins split?

A

Some wanted the removal of the King and were invited to join the petition for that by the Cordelier’s
The others left, including most deputies, to form the Feuillants
Robespierre led a radical group of the Jacobins

51
Q

When was the Champ de Mars and why were so many people there?

A

17th July 1791. 50,000 people flocked to sign a republican petition

52
Q

What happened at the Champ de Mars?

A

Commune declared Martial Law and Lafayettes national guard killed 50 people
Popular leaders went into hiding

53
Q

When was the Consitution accepted by the King?

A

13th September 1791

54
Q

Why had the mood of the deputies changed? [3]

A
  • Kings reluctance to accept measures he disliked
  • Suspicion surrounding the Flight to Varennes
  • fear of Counter revolution
55
Q

Why did Robespierre propose a self-denying ordinance?

A

To prevent his opponents dominating the next assembly like they had the previous one

56
Q

How many deputies sat on the left and what were they made up of?

A

Jacobins and Girondins - 136

57
Q

How many deputies sat on the right and what were they made up of?

A

264 Feuillants

58
Q

How many independents were there in the Legislative assembly?

A

345

59
Q

By early 1791, how many noble officers had emigrated?

A

12,000

60
Q

By the end of 1791, what proportion of army officers had deserted?

A

60% (6000)

61
Q

What two laws were passed in November relating to emigres?

A

All non-jurors were suspects

Those who did not return by 1st January 1792 would forfeit their property

62
Q

What did the King do with regard to the laws proposed in November 1791 surrounded emigres?

A

He vetoed them, increasing his unpopularity, appearing to be undermining the revolution

History - French Revolution (5 decks)

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