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Unit 3: Constitution Review > Constitution Review > Flashcards

Constitution Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are civil duties?

A

Not required by law

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2
Q

What are civil responsibilities?

A

Required by law

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3
Q

Who were the Anti-Federalists?

A

Group that opposed ratification of the Constitution and felt it needed a Bill of Rights

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4
Q

What did the Constitutional Convention write?

A

Constitution

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5
Q

What did the Continental Congress write?

A

Declaration of Independence

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6
Q

What did the Confederation Congress write?

A

Articles of Confederation

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7
Q

Why was the Constitutional Convention called?

A

To amend the Articles of Confederation

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8
Q

Who called the Constitutional Convention?

A

Alexander Hamilton

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9
Q

Where was the Constitutional Convention?

A

Independence Hall, Philadelphia

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10
Q

When was the Constitutional Convention?

A

May 1787

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11
Q

When was the Constitution written?

A

September 17, 1787

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12
Q

What are checks and balances?

A

Each branch of government may check and balance the others out so no one branch acquires too much power

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13
Q

Examples of checks and balances

A

President can veto laws, Congress can override vetos with a 2/3 majority vote, Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional, etc.

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14
Q

Examples of civil duties

A

Voting, serving community, helping to create a society, stay informed on important issues, etc.

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15
Q

Examples of civil responsibilities

A

Paying taxes, obeying laws, serving on juries, defending nation, etc.

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16
Q

What did the Anti-Federalists do?

A

Wrote the Anti-Federalist Papers which offered no alternative plan to the Constitution

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17
Q

Who led the Anti-Federalists?

A

Patrick Henry, George Mason, and Elbridge Gerry

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18
Q

What was the Virginia Plan?

A

Larger states would receive more power than smaller states. Representation = population

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19
Q

Who wrote the Virginia Plan?

A

by James Madison and presented by Edmund Randolph

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20
Q

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A

Small states would have equal power as big states

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21
Q

Who wrote the New Jersey Plan?

A

William Patterson

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22
Q

What was the Great Compromise?

A
  1. There would be two houses (bicameral legislature).
  2. Senate - state representation with 100 senators (2 per state)
  3. Senators appointed by state legislatures
  4. House of Representatives - the greater the state population, the more representation the state got out of 435 representatives
  5. Census determined # of representatives
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23
Q

What were the Articles of Confederation?

A

First official written Constitution of the United States

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24
Q

Why were the Articles of Confederation weak?

A

No power to tax, regulate trade, enforce laws, draft army, and no executive or judicial branches.

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25
Q

What was the Northwest Ordinance?

A

Established a Northwest Territory and created a system for bringing new states into the union

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26
Q

Why was the Northwest Ordinance needed?

A

The new land with a flood of people needed a new governing system

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27
Q

Why was the 3/5 Compromise needed?

A

The question of , “Are slaves counted for population and taxation?” rose up.

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28
Q

What was the 3/5 Compromise?

A

3/5 of a state slave population would be counted for representation and taxation. (South got more non-voting power)

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29
Q

What is Federalism?

A

A system of government when power is shared between the national and state governments

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30
Q

What are enumerated powers?

A

National powers

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31
Q

What are reserved powers?

A

State powers

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32
Q

What are concurrent?

A

Shared powers between the state and national governments

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33
Q

Concurrent Powers Examples

A
  1. Raise taxes
  2. Administer criminal justice
  3. Provide for public welfare
  4. Charter banks
  5. Borrow money
34
Q

Enumerated Powers Examples

A
  1. Maintain armed forces
  2. Coin money
  3. Declare war
  4. Make foreign policy
35
Q

Reserved Powers Examples

A
  1. Provide for education
  2. Conduct elections
  3. Provide for public safety
  4. Regulate trade in state
36
Q

What is the amendment process for the Constitution?

A
  1. 2/3 of both Houses must agree
  2. Amendment must be sent to states for ratification
  3. 3/4 of states must approve before officializing
37
Q

What is Republicanism?

A

When people elect representatives to govern them

38
Q

What is Limited Government?

A

The government only has the power given to them by the Constitution. Officials still must follow laws.

39
Q

What does the Legislative Branch do?

A

Make laws

40
Q

What is the Legislative Branch made up of?

A

House of Representatives (435 members) and Senate (100 senators) Bicameral branch

41
Q

What is the Bill of Rights?

A

First 10 amendments to the Constitution

42
Q

Who added the Bill of Rights to the Constitution?

A

Anti-Federalists

43
Q

Who were the Federalists?

A

Supported ratification of the Constitution

44
Q

What did the Federalists support?

A

A strong national government

45
Q

What did the Federalists make?

A

The Constitution

46
Q

Who led the Federalists?

A

Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

47
Q

What was popular sovereignty?

A

The power of the government comes from the people (We The People). Without the consent of the people, the government has no power.

48
Q

What is separation of powers?

A

Power divided up between 3 branches of government

49
Q

What does the Judicial Branch do?

A

Interprets laws

50
Q

What does the Executive Branch do?

A

Executes laws

51
Q

Who is in the Executive Branch?

A

President and the Cabinet

52
Q

Who is in the Judicial Branch?

A

The Supreme Court (9 justices)

53
Q

What is the first amendment?

A

Guarantees basic rights such as religion, assembly, press, petition, speech, etc.

54
Q

What is the second amendment?

A

Right to bear arms for self-defense

55
Q

What is the third amendment?

A

No forced quartering of troops

56
Q

What is the fourth amendment?

A

No unreasonable search or seizures. Police must have a warrant to search.

57
Q

What is the fifth amendment?

A

Protects people from being jailed for crimes they did not commit. You do not have to say anything that will incriminate you. “I plead the fifth.”

58
Q

What is the sixth amendment?

A

Right to a speedy criminal trial with an impartial jury, lawyer, and witnesses.

59
Q

What is the seventh amendment?

A

Right to a speedy civil trial

60
Q

What is the eighth amendment?

A

No cruel or unusual punishment

61
Q

What is the ninth amendment?

A

All rights not stated in the Constitution and not forbidden belong to the people

62
Q

What is the tenth amendment?

A

Powers not given to the federal government belong to the states and people

63
Q

What did the Anti-Federlists support?

A

Stronger state governments

64
Q

What were the requirements for ratification of the Constitution?

A

9/13 states had to agree to the ratification process

65
Q

When did the Constitution officially become law of the land?

A

June 21, 1788

66
Q

When did the Constitution become ratified by all 13 states?

A

May 29, 1790

67
Q

2 Ways an Amendment Can be Added to the Constitution

A
  1. Proposed by 2/3 of both houses of Congress and ratified by 3/4 of the states (most common)
  2. Law called for by 2/3 of state legislatures and ratified by 3/4 of the states
68
Q

Issues that led to the Constitutional Convention

A
  1. Debt and no power to tax
  2. Money had no value
  3. British were still there
  4. Spain closes the Mississippi River
69
Q

Competing Ideas for United States government

A

Independent more powerful states (anti-federalist) vs. Strong national government and wanted reform (federalist)

70
Q

Who was Gouverner Morris?

A

Wrote final draft of the Constitution

71
Q

Who was JAMES MADISON?

A

Father of the Constitution who put in lots of research while writing it

72
Q

Who was Benjamin Franklin?

A

Oldest member at 81 who brought seriousness and gravity

73
Q

Who was Roger Sherman?

A

The Great Compromiser

74
Q

Who was Alexander Hamilton?

A

Called for the Convention

75
Q

Who was George Washington?

A

President of the Convention

76
Q

Washington’s Rules at the Convention

A
  1. Each state had one vote on all issues
  2. A majority vote was needed to finalize all decisions
  3. 7/13 states were required for meetings
  4. Met in secrecy (information kept secret)
77
Q

7 Basic Principles of Government

A
  1. Limited Power of Government
  2. Separation of Power
  3. Popular Sovereignty
  4. Checks and Balances
  5. Individual Rights
  6. Republicanism
  7. Federalism
78
Q

7 Articles of Constitution

A
  1. Legislative Branch
  2. Executive Branch
  3. Judicial Branch
  4. Relations among states
  5. Amending the Constitution
  6. National Supremacy
  7. Ratification
79
Q

What is legislature also known as?

A

Bicameral, Congress, and Legislative Branch

80
Q

What cases does the Supreme Court hear?

A
  1. the Constitution
  2. national laws
  3. treaties (US and countries)
  4. conflicts between states
81
Q

What is the purpose of amending the Constitution?

A

To keep it up to date as America changes (elastic clause lets us do that)

Unit 3: Constitution Review (1 decks)

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