control of variables

Question 1

extraneous variables

Answer 1

any variable, other than the iv that may have an effect on the dv if it is not controlled. Ev’s are essentially nuisance variables that do not vary systematically with the iv

Question 2

confounding variables

Answer 2

any variable, other than the iv , that may effect the dv so we cant be sure of the true source of changes to the dv. confounding variables vary systematically with the iv

Question 3

demand characteristics

Answer 3

any clue from the researcher or the research situation that may be interpreted by the participants as revealing the purpose of the investigation. this may lead to a participant to change their behaviour within the research situation.

Question 4

investigator effects

Answer 4

any effect of the investigator’s behaviour ( conscious or unconscious) on the research outcome (the dv). this may include everything from the design of the study to the selection of, and interaction with, participants during the research process

Question 5

randomisation

Answer 5

the use of chance in order to control for the effect of bias when designing materials and deciding the order of conditions.

Question 6

standardisation

Answer 6

using exactly the same formalised procedures and instructions for all participants in a research study.