Core 2: Movement

Question 1

Directional Terms: anatomical, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral

Answer 1

Anatomical: Facing front and palms facing foward
Superior: towards the head
Inferior: Towards the feet
Anterior and superior: front and back respectively
Medial: towards the midline of body
Lateral: Side of body

Question 2

Joints: Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous
Synovial joint

Answer 2

Fibrous joint: joint has fused together and no range of motion
Cartilaginous: 2 bones held together with cartilage and minimal range of motion
Synovial: Large range of motion depending on structure (has many types)

Question 3

What is a gliding joint

Answer 3

Slides from side to side or back and forth due to flat surfaces between them e.g carpals, wrist, spine

Question 4

What is a hinge joint

Answer 4

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concase surface of another e.g elbow, knee

Question 5

Pivot joint

Answer 5

Rotates where the rounded/ pointed surface of one bone articulates with the depression or opening of another–atlas and axis points e.g neck, wrist

Question 6

Ellipsoid joint (or condyloid)

Answer 6

An oval shaped condyle that fits into another – think of phalanges and movement occurs in 2 planes e.g

Question 7

Saddle joint

Answer 7

Bone is saddle shaped e.g thumb

Question 8

Ball and socket joint

Answer 8

A rounded ball surface of one bone fits into a cup like depression of another, very movable e.g hip and shoulder

Question 9

Flexion
Extension

Answer 9

Bringing the arm in, the angle between two bones decrease– flexing arms
Extending arms and increasing angles between the bones

Question 10

Rotation
circumduction

Answer 10

Turning the upper body or head side to side
Circular motion of limbs rather than upper body and head

Question 11

Abduction
Adduction

Answer 11

Abduct: move away from middle of body
Add: bring closer towards middle of body

Question 12

Plantar flexion
Dorsi Flexion

Answer 12

P: movement of foot where toes are pointed forward/ pressing down
D: opposite and moves upwards

Question 13

Pronation
Supination

Answer 13

P: palm faces downwards, thumb to floor
S: thumb to air

Question 14

Agonist
Antagonist

Answer 14

Ago: Contracts
Anta: lengthens and relaxes

Question 15

Isotonic contractions
Eccentric
Concentric
Isometric

Answer 15

I: length of muscles changes to either shorter or longer
E: muscle lengthens under tension
C: muscle shortens under contraction
Iso: muscle contracts but does not shorten change

Question 16

WHat are the synovial jionts

Answer 16

hinge
ball and socket
pivot
condyloi/ ellipsoid
gliding
saddle