Coronaviruses Flashcards
What is the order of coronaviruses?
Nidovirales
What are the major properties of CoronaViruses?
- Positive-Sense Single Stranded
- Genome is between 27-32kb
What is sub-genomic RNA?
smaller subsets of full length viral genomes
Name three relevant pathologic features of coronoraviruses
- Expression of proteins is via ‘nested’ sub-genomic RNA
- they have multiple proteins in regulated amounts
- Variation arises through recombination as well as point mutation
What is the function of the large club shaped spikes?
They make spike protein
What is the function of spike protein?
- Major target of antibody response
- Cell mediated at N and S
- Determines species tropism
What lesions occur in the upper airways of animals
with coronavirus
- Neutrophillic and lymphocytic infiltrate
- sloughing of epithelial cells
- loss of cillia
- epithelial cell hyperplasia
- hypertrophy of mucousal glands
What lesions occur in the lungs of animals
with coronavirus
- Neutrophillic haemorrhages
- lymphocytic infiltrate
- severe edema
- epithelial cell detachment
- fibrinous exudate
What are the clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis virus?
- Vomiting
- Profuse yellow diarrhoea
- Rapid weight loss
- Dehydration
most severe in young piglets
adults are typically asymptomatic
How may you diagnose TGE?
- Impression smears from the intestine
- Immunochemical staining of histology sections
- ELISA on faeces
Why may you need a PCR with TGE?
To differentiate it from porcinne respiratory coronavirus
Give two ways that Feline Enteric Coronavirus can be transmissed
- Faeco-Oral Transmission
- Close contact (may be an issue for catteries)
How would you diagnose Feline Enteric Coronavirus?
- PCR
- Serology
What is the main clinical sign of FEC?
Mild, Self-Limiting Gastroenteritis
What are the two ways FIP can develop?
- Mutation from FCov
- Infection from virulent strain (two serotypes I and II)
