Covalent bonding Flashcards
what is covalent bonding
when two or more non metal aotms share electrons and form covalent bonds
what are discrete covalent molecules
covalent molecular substances (water, Co2, Cl2…)
the bonds within these molecules (intra) are strong but the bond between the molecules (inter) are weak
properties of covalent molecules
low Mp and Bp
dont conduct electricity
form soft solids
tend to be malleable instead of shattering
variable solubility
why do covalent molecules have low mp and low bp
as teh forces that hold the molecules together are weak (inter is weak)
why do covalent molecuels not conduct electricity
there are no charged particels that can move through the substnace
why do covalent molecuels form soft solids
the forces that hold the molecules together are weak
why do covalent moleucels tend to be malleable instead of shattering
the forces between the molecules are weak so the molecules cna easily be moved
why do covalent substances have variable solubility
solubitliy depends on the forces between teh molecules (intermolecules forces)
what are molecular solids
substances that contain discrete covalent molecules that are solid at room temperature
what are properties of molecular solids
low mp and bp
soft/brittle - shatter when hit
cannot conduct electricity
why do molecular solids have their propertei
teh weak force of attraction between teh molecules can be broken with a small amout of energy - Low mp and bp and soft/brittle
molecular solids are also unable to conduct electricity as there are no free electrons or ions to carry a charge
what is a covalent network
when covalent bonds in substances do not form discrete molecules but vast networks of atoms
its a large 3D network of covalently bonded atoms with a very strong intermolecular force that is basically a covalent bond
proeprteis of covalent network
very high Mp Bp
do not conduct electricity
extremely hard and brittle
insoluble in water and most solvens
why do covalent networks have high mp and bp
covalent bonds that hold the atoms together are strong
why do covalent networks have do not condcut electricity
no charged particles that can move through the structure
