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Religious, Philosophical and Ethical Studies in the Modern World > Creation > Flashcards

Creation Flashcards

1
Q

What do Catholics believe about creation?

A
  • Nothing existed before God created the world (Ex Nihilo)
  • Only God creates because he is omnipotent
  • This belief can be found in Genesis
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2
Q

What happens in Genesis 1?

A
  • God creates the world in 6 days, and rests on the 7th
  • He creates humans on the 6th day
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3
Q

What happens in Genesis 2?

A
  • Adam names all the animals in the world but is still lonely
  • God creates Eve from Adam’s rib
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4
Q

What happens in Genesis 3?

A

This describes the original sin of Adam and Eve:
- Eating the fruit from the tree, introduces the idea that sins lead to suffering
- If humans don’t follow God’s teachings, things won’t work out

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5
Q

What do Fundamentalists believe about the Creation story?

A
  • It is accurate, and exactly how the world was created
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6
Q

What do Catholics believe about the Big Bang?

A
  • They believe in it, as it supports their theory of creation out of nothing
  • Science explains HOW the Universe came about, and Religion explains WHY
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7
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A
  • The world started with an explosion that led to stars and planets being formed
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8
Q

What is the Scientific Theory of Evolution?

A
  • Proposed by Charles Darwin
  • The idea that organisms gradually change and develop through natural selection
  • Certain characteristics help animals to survive
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9
Q

Which scholar do we look at for evolution, and what did he say?

A

Richard Dawkins

  • Evolution does away with the need for God
  • Humans are just survival machines and don’t have any other purpose
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10
Q

What is the Catholic view of evolution?

A
  • They think evolution supports the idea of a loving creator God
  • It supports the idea that God created Earth with a purpose, and everything exists as part of his plan
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11
Q

What do Catholics think about stewardship?

A
  • We should all be Stewards of creation
  • Catholics believe God made humans superior to other animals by giving them reason and free will, so we should look after the world
  • Every individual has a duty to care for their neighbours
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12
Q

What is stewardship?

A

We should protect the environment so that people, plants and animals can live well now and in the future

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13
Q

What is the Christian view on the Sanctity of life?

A
  • God created all life, so it should be protected, and only God can take away life
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14
Q

What is the Catholic view on the Sanctity of life?

A
  • Each person is unique and special because God made them
  • Everyone has the right to life, which should be protected and valued at ALL STAGES
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15
Q

What are the UK laws on abortion?

A
  • Can’t happen after 24 weeks
  • Two doctors must agree to it
  • If the baby is found to have a severe disability, abortion can happen after 24 weeks
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16
Q

What does the Catholic Church say about abortion?

A
  • It is against abortion as human life is sacred
  • Life begins at conception, therefore abortion is murder
  • The foetus has a right to life
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17
Q

What is the Double effect? (Catholic view)

A
  • If the mother’s life is in danger during the pregnancy
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18
Q

What are other Christian views on abortion?

A
  • No single view on abortion in Christianity
  • Some fundamentalist Christians think abortion is never acceptable
  • Most Christians think it isn’t a good thing, but it could be the lesser of two evils- such as if the pregnancy was a result of rape, or if the child was severely disabled
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19
Q

What do Humanists think about abortion?

A
  • No set Humanist view
  • Humanists value happiness and personal choice
  • They generally take a pro-choice stance
20
Q

What do some people think about quality of life and euthanasia?

A
  • Quality of life is more important than life being considered sacred
  • If a person has a poor quality of life, they have a right to die
21
Q

What is palliative care?

A
  • Aims to control pain
  • Medication is provided to give the person as much dignity and quality of life as possible
22
Q

Why is palliative care important?

A
  • The Catholic church supports it
  • It respects the value of every person until their death
23
Q

What do non-religious people think about the right to die?

A
  • People who suffer from incurable diseases might choose to end their life before the disease reaches its final stages
  • They wish to end their life before their quality of life is diminished
  • A person who is fully conscious and rational has the freedom to choose when to end their life
24
Q

What do Catholics belive about assisted suicide and euthanasia?

A
  • All human life is sacred and holy
  • It goes against the Ten Commandments- ‘Do not murder’
  • Anyone who assists in Euthanasia is taking part in a murder
  • Euthanasia and assisted suicide are going against the Sanctity of life
25
Q

What do Catholics think the right way to die is?

A
  • People should die with dignity using Palliative care
  • It is acceptable to turn off a life support machine if a patient is brain-dead
  • It is acceptable for a patient to refuse treatment which would prolong a painful illness
26
Q

What arguments are there in support of euthanasia?

A
  • Many consider it a basic human right to control the ending of your life
  • Advances in medicine have led to people being alive who would previously have died- they should be allowed a painless death
  • Those who believe in free will think its wrong to keep someone alive who has no hope of recovery
  • We don’t let animals suffer so why should humans?
27
Q

What arguments are there against euthanasia?

A
  • Life is given by God so should only be taken by God
  • If euthanasia is legalised people might stop looking for cures for terminal illnesses
  • People may want to live but go through euthanasia because they don’t want to be a burden to anyone
  • The role of the doctor is to save life, not destroy it
  • People might change their minds, but it would be too late
28
Q

What is euthanasia?

A
  • ‘Good’ or ‘gentle’ death
  • When a medical professional gives medicine to end the life of a person who is suffering unbearable pain
  • Voluntary euthanasia is done at the request of an individual
29
Q

What is assisted suicide?

A
  • When someone seeks help to end their own life
30
Q

What is a DNR?

A
  • Do Not Resuscitate
  • This is a legal order to not resuscitate if a patient stops breathing
  • This is not the same as euthanasia or assisted suicide
31
Q

What do Catholics believe about life after death?

A
  • The Nicene Creed teaches that Jesus rose from the dead and there will be life after death
  • They believe in eternal life
  • They will have a spiritual resurrection body given by God
32
Q

What do Christians believe about the survival of the soul?

A
  • It is a non-physical thing which lives on after death
  • Most Christians believe in the immortality of the soul, and that when the body dies, the soul leaves the body to live with God
  • Other Christians say the body and soul are one and cannot be seperated- after death the soul is temporarily apart from the body, but they’ll be reunited on Judgement Day
33
Q

What do Humanists think about life after death?

A
  • Humans are just a physical body, and we have no soul
  • There is no life after death
34
Q

How do different Christian attitudes vary surrounding abortion?

A

PRO-LIFE
- Catholic Church
- Evangelical Christians

Church of England
- Allowed under specific circumstances

35
Q

Why are Evangelical Christians and the Catholic Church Pro-Life?

A
  • They believe that a foetus is a human life from the moment of conception
  • They see abortion as murder and therefore against the Ten Commandments
  • Life is sacred and God-given
36
Q

Why does the Church of England sometimes allow abortion?

A
  • Life is precious because it is made by God, but if the mother’s life in danger abortion is allowed
  • Abortion is allowed following rape
37
Q

What are Muslim attitudes towards abortion?

A
  • God creates life and only he can end it
  • Abortion for purely economic reasons is forbidden
  • Many believe it is haram, but if the mother’s life is in danger or the child is deformed it’s permitted
  • Decisions should not be taken lightly because on the Day of Judgement, a child has the right to ask why it was killed
  • Mother’s rights are greater than the child’s until 120 days after conception, which is when ensoulment happens
38
Q

When is abortion up to 24 weeks after conception allowed?

A
  • If the baby would cause mental or physical problems for the mother
  • Her existing children would suffer
  • The child would be severely disabled
39
Q

In what cases is abortion allowed after 24 weeks?

A
  • The mother’s life is at risk
  • The baby will be severely deformed
  • If the mother’s physical or mental health is at risk
40
Q

What are humanist attitudes towards abortion?

A
  • Tend to use situation ethics
  • A foetus isn’t seen as a person until well after conception
  • The most important moral considerations are happiness and the avoidance of suffering, and most see abortion as a morally acceptable personal choice as long as it’s made in an informed fashion
41
Q

What are Muslim attitudes towards Euthanasia?

A
  • It is haram
  • Life is sacred, and only God can decide when a life is taken
  • God has a plan for everyone- Al Qadr
  • Showing compassion to those in pain is important, but euthanasia still isn’t accepted
  • However, if someone is brain-dead, it’s permitted to turn off life support
  • No matter what state the body is in, the soul is what matters to God
42
Q

What are the different types of euthanasia?

A
  • Voluntary (assisted suicide)
    When a person asks for help to die- usually due to a life-limiting or terminal illness
  • Active
    Taking medication to end life
  • Passive
    Removing life-sustaining treatment, normally done if there’s no hope of recovery
  • Involuntary
    When death is forced on a person
43
Q

Why are some Christians against euthanasia?

A
  • Life is sacred
  • Assisting euthanasia is breaking one of the Ten Commandments
  • Suffering can have purpose
  • Could be a slippery slope- allowing it may lead to increased involuntary euthanasia
44
Q

What type of Christians generally support euthanasia and why?

A

Liberal Christians

  • It’s acceptable to turn off life support if someone is brain-dead
  • Withholding treatment which will just prolong a painful illness is following Jesus’ teachings of acting in a kind and compassionate way
  • Modern technology can result in people being kept alive for a long time, but with little to no quality of life
45
Q
A

Religious, Philosophical and Ethical Studies in the Modern World (7 decks)

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