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History YR9 > CT3 > Flashcards

CT3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are gas chambers?

A

prisoners were often killed by being put in sealed rooms, which were then filled with poisonous gas.

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2
Q

What are Ghettos?

A

Walled-off areas of cities in which Jews were made to live in terrible conditions. Many died of disease and starvation, while the Nazi decided on a long-term plan.

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3
Q

what is Einsatzgruppen?

A

Name of the SS killing squad

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4
Q

What was the final solution?

A

To bring all of the Jews to extermination camps or concentration camps

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5
Q

What was the SS?

A

were elite Nazi troops. Some operated within the army, others as police. They were heavily involved in running concentration and extermination camps during the Holocaust.

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6
Q

What is Zyklon B?

A

The toxic pesticide to gas prisoners in purpose-built gas chambers.

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7
Q

What was partisans?

A

A resistance group that organised attacks on German forces.

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8
Q

Sonderkommando

A

Jewish prisoners who were forced to help the Nazis to operate the gas chambers.

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9
Q

Crematorium

A

A place where bodies are burned.

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10
Q

June 1941

A

-Hitler invaded the Soviet Union.
-Behind the invading Nazi armies followed the SS killing squads who were given the task of murdering Soviet officials and Jewish men, women and children.

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11
Q

January 1942

A

Nazi officials met at the Wannsee Conference, near Berlin. Aware of the criminal nature of what they were discussing, they didn’t directly mention murder, instead calling in the ’Final Solution’ of the ‘Jewish problem’.

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12
Q

6 million

A

The number of Jews murdered altogether in the Holocaust

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13
Q

2.7 million

A

The number of Jews that were murdered in the extermination camps.

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14
Q

1943

A

he majority of the people in the Warsaw Ghetto were deported to extermination camps. This lead to groups of Jewish men within the ghetto forming a resistance group called, ‘Jewish Fighting Organisation’, who armed themselves with weapons.

Inmates at Sobibor extermination camp killed 11 guards and set the camp on fire.

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15
Q

SS General Reinhard Heydrich

A

He made plans for a ‘complete solution to the Jewish question’.

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16
Q

Wannsee Conference

A

In January 1942, Nazi officials met at this conference near Berlin. There they stated the ‘Final solution’.

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17
Q

Auschwitz-Birkenau

A

It was a camp built specifically to enable the mass murder of Jews.

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18
Q

Mordechai Anielewicz

A

Leader of the ‘Jewish Fighting Organisation’. He was 23 years old.

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19
Q

Heinrich Himmler

A

Number two to Hitler
Leader of the SS

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20
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

Hostility to or prejudice against Jewish people

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21
Q

internationalists

A

Someone who believes in cooperation and understanding between nations

22
Q

How did the Holocaust begin?

A

-The legacy of anti-semitism since medieval times
-The role of the war
-The invasion of the Soviet Union
-The decisions of the Nazi leadership
-The Wannsee conference

23
Q

Reason the Jewish Resistance to the Nazis.

A

-Armed Guards
-Fortified camps
-Weak (immunity)
-Minority group
-Not organised

24
Q

Jews in Soviet army

A

-500,000 in the army
-150 designated heroes (highest award)
-120,000 killed nearly 1 in 4
-They were at the frount fighting

25
Q

Polish Jews

A

-100,000 in polish army
-30,000 killed (30%)
-Some joined Free Polish in Britain

26
Q

Role in US and British army

A

-550,000 was in the US army
-34 Polish pilots join RAF
-30,000 British army
-Acts of Bravery e.g. Jackman

27
Q

Why did the Holocaust happen? INDIVIDUALS

A

Henrich Himmler
Adolf Hitler
Einzatsgruppen
Nazis
Reinhard Heydrich
People at Wannsee
-German population

28
Q

Proletariat

A

A collective noun used by Marxist to describe the class of workers

29
Q

Capitalist

A

An economic and political system in which money and property are controlled by private individuals. The USA is a capitalist country.

30
Q

USSR

A

Stands for Union Of Soviet Socialist Republics. It was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

31
Q

Dictator

A

A single strong leader who can do what they want and has complete power.

32
Q

Nationalist

A

Believing strongly in your own country.

33
Q

Militaristic

A

Prioritising the armed forces over other parts of society.

34
Q

Propaganda

A

Communications designed to mislead people by giving a very biased view.

35
Q

NSDAP

A

Stands for National Socialist German Workers’ Party. The leader was Hitler.

36
Q

Reichstag

A

The name given to the German parliament.

37
Q

Concentration camps

A

A prison usually for political prisioners or members of persecuted minorities.

38
Q

Police state

A

A country where the government uses the police to spy on the people and stamps put any opposition.

39
Q

Lebensraum

A

The territory which a group, state or nation believes is needed for its natural development.

40
Q

1905

A

Strikes and demonstrations forced the tsar to allow a kind of parliament called the Duma to be created, but as time went on he increasingly ignored it, and little changed.

41
Q

February 1917

A

A combination of strikes and huge protesting crowds crippled Petrograd,

42
Q

March 1917

A

The authority of the tsar collapsed, and the monarchy was established. The Duma then formed a provisional government and tries to introduce reforms to end the unrest. However, they decided to continue the war, which made them very unpopular.

43
Q

October 1917

A

The Bolsheviks seized power in a final revolution. The Duma was closed, and the Bolsheviks set about turning the largest country in the world, into the first communist state.

44
Q

1922

A

Benito Mussolini and his fascist party seized control in Italy and set about putting their ideas into action. Mussolini became the dictator of a one-party state.

45
Q

1933

A

Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany by the German president, who hoped to harness Hitler’s popularity while also keeping him under control.

46
Q

Karl Marx

A

A German philosopher who formed the basis of communism, although his ideas were later built on and changed by others.

47
Q

Tsar Nicholas II

A

Ruller of Russia, and he believed he was God’s representative on earth. Because of this, he was extremely reluctant to shape power with anyone else.

48
Q

Lenin

A

Leader of a small revolutionary political party known as the Bolsheviks. They began to call for a communist revolution.

49
Q

Josef Stalin

A

He became the leader of the USSR in 1924, and set about a ruthless programme of industrialisation in which millions of Soviet citizens died

50
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

He became the dictator of a one-party state.

51
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Leader of a German fascist party known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party.

History YR9 (4 decks)

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